Volume 24 Issue 6
Jun.  2026
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Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of General Practice  > 2026  >  24(6): 1042-1046
WANG Wei, KUANG Yuhui, LIU Huayi, YANG Kuo, LI Yupeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Xue. The causal relationship between education level and peptic ulcer was analyzed based on Mendelian randomization[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2026, 24(6): 1042-1046. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004549
Citation: WANG Wei, KUANG Yuhui, LIU Huayi, YANG Kuo, LI Yupeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Xue. The causal relationship between education level and peptic ulcer was analyzed based on Mendelian randomization[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2026, 24(6): 1042-1046. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004549
shu

The causal relationship between education level and peptic ulcer was analyzed based on Mendelian randomization

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004549
  • 1.

    Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China

Funds:

 2023004

  • Received Date: 2025-07-22
    Available Online: 2026-11-10
    Abstract
  •   Objective  The Mendelian randomization (MR) method is applied to analyze the potential causal relationship between educational attainment and peptic ulcers, aiming to uncover novel biological links between socioeconomic factors and gastrointestinal health.  Methods  Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened based on the aggregated data of the genome-wide association study (GWAS). The EA data were from the SSCSG database, and the peptic ulcer data were from the R10 version of the FinnGen database. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median estimation were used to determine the causal relationship between EA and peptic ulcer. Cochran Q-test was used to evaluate heterogeneity, the MR-Egger intercept test, F-statistic, and leave-one-out analysis were used for multi-effect and sensitivity analysis, and MR-PRESSO was used for outlier test.  Results  A total of 604 SNPS were selected to predict EA, and the results showed that IVW (OR=0.529, 95% CI: 0.42-0.66, P < 0.001), MR-Egger (OR=0.451, 95% CI: 0.23-0.88, P=0.020), and weighted median (OR=0.657, 95% CI: 0.47-0.92, P= 0.013), indicating that EA was negatively correlated with peptic ulcer. The MR-PRESSO test detected no outlier SNPs (P= 0.220). Furthermore, Cochran's Q test indicated no significant heterogeneity (P=0.215), and the MR-Egger regression intercept test revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P=0.623). The results of the leave-one-out analysis revealed no individual SNPs that significantly influenced the overall results, and the funnel plot displayed a generally symmetrical distribution of SNPs, suggesting that the findings are robust and reliable.  Conclusion  EA has a negative causal association with peptic ulcer, and EA is negatively correlated with the risk of peptic ulcer.

     

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