Impact of recurrent preeclampsia on clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes

Objective To investigate the impact of recurrent preeclampsia (PE) on clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes. Methods A retrospectively study on patients with preeclampsia terminated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 was performed. The patients with a history of PE were assigned into recurrent group (n=46), and those without a history of PE were assigned into the first onset group (n=56). The clinical outcomes were analyzed between the two groups. We also analyzed some items within the recurrent preeclampsia group and the situation of interval period between the previous preeclampsia and the recurrent one. Results The proportions of severe PE and early onset PE were 91.30% and 73.92% in the recurrent group, while 73.21% and 53.57% in the first onset group (P<0.05). During the previous pregnancy in recurrent group, the proportion of early onset PE was 32.61%, which was different from the recurrent one (P<0.05). There were significant difference in the abnormal ratios of the visceral function and umbilical cord blood flow between the two groups (all P<0.05), so as to compare with the ratio of the last time attack. But the ratios of eclampsia, placental abruption and the amount of postpartum bleeding were the same (all P>0.05). The recurrent group had earlier onset weeks than the last time attack, and also had lower birth weight and Apgar score than those in the first onset group. The fellow-up rate after the previous PE was 30.43%, and the regular examination during the second pregnancy was 39.31%. Conclusion The onset recurrent preeclampsia usually occurs early as compare with its last time onset and the first onset patients, with more serious clinical condition and poor pregnancy outcomes. The patients who have recurrent preeclampsia usually pay less attention on the disease, and lack of regular follow-up and prenatal examination.