Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect relevant data of 286 cases of high risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January, 2013 to June, 2016. Subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) method was used to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with maintenance treatment phase, analysis of the infection rate of correlation between nutritional status and hospital patients. Results Two hundred and eighty-six cases of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients do not need nutritional support in 104 cases, the need for nutritional support in 182 cases, including 98 cases of hospital infection, accounting for 34. 27% (98/286) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia; hospital infection rate and nutritional status were negatively correlated (r=-0. 724, P < 0. 01); Univariate analysis showed that significant length of time, the intensity of chemotherapy, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, neutrophils, species, application of antibiotics, antibiotic use time, albumin PG-SGA score difference (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in age, sex, glucocorticoid use (P >0. 05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the PG-SGA score, the intensity of chemotherapy, neutrophil count, hemoglobin, albumin, antibiotic use time are the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conclusion The nutritional status of high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients is closely related to the incidence of nosocomial infection and the nutritional status of the patients is a risk factor for the occurrence of hospital infection.