Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of the non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and explore the value of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio and γ-glutamyl transferase level in the diagnosis of NAFLD. Methods Total 335 individuals receiving physical examination were enrolled into this study and were followed up for 3years.Their alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, lipid profile, fasting glucose were examined in baseline and during following up.The triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio was calculated by TG/HDL-C. Results (1) The level of basic body index, triglyceride, TG/HDL-C, γ-glutamyl transferase were higher and the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase had no difference in NAFLD group as compared with the normal group at 3 years after the physical examination (P < 0.01). (2) TG/HDL-C and γ-glutamyl transferase enzyme had higher sensitivity and specificity than triglyceride, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoproteinalanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose in the diagnosis of NAFLD.Area under curve of TG/HDL-C was 0.723 and 95% confidence limits was 0.632-0.813.Area under curve of GGT was 0.753 and 95% confidence limits was 0.661-0.846.There were significance in the diagnosis of NAFLD when TG/HDL-C were 1.396 or γ-glutamyl transferase were 28 U/L. Conclusion TG/HDL-C and γ-glutamyl transferase has comparably higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of NAFLD.