Abstract: Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among rural residents in Shandong province and analyze the influencing factors. Methods By using stratified sampling method,the HRQoL of 1 260 rural residents in Shandong was assessed with EQ-5D scale. Results The five dimensions of EQ-5D scale can generate total of 243 answers.Our study found the study subjects produced 37 of 243 answers.The largest proportion of the study subjects'answers to health status was "no problem" in all five dimensions,accounting for 63.48% of total study population.The results showed that pain/discomfort and anxiety/depressed were the major health problems of rural residents in Shandong Province.EQ scores was 81.23±15.53,and the average health index was 0.798±0.086.Comparison of five dimension,EQ scores and health index with different age,culture,marital status,income showed statistical significance (P<0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that gender,age,cultural degree,marital status and income were influencing factors among the rural residents in Shandong Province. Conclusions The health-related quality of life among rural residents in Shandong Province is accessible.Women,older,divorced,low cultural level and low income are the risk factors.So the government should pay more attentions to people's main health problems.Health of vulnerable groups such as women,elderly,low-income people should be protected as a top priority in order to improve their health related quality of life and equity in health.