Abstract: Objective To detect the HIF-1α,VEGF,MMP-9 expression level and explore the significance of these factors in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Methods Fifty-eight cases with pituitary adenoma in our hospital from February,2013 to February,2016 were selected and divided into invasive group (34 cases) and noninvasive group (24 cases) according to pathological examination.Immunohistochemical Envision was used to detect the expression level of HIF-1α,VEGF and MMP-9 and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results The strong positive expression rate and total positive expression rate of HIF-1α in invasive group[47.1%(16/34),91.2%(31/34)]were higher than that of noninvasive group[12.5%(3/24),45.8%(11/24)](P<0.05).The strong positive expression rate and total positive expression rate of VEGF in invasive group[58.8%(20/34),94.1%(32/34)]were higher than that of noninvasive group[16.7%(4/24),58.3%(14/24)],P<0.05.The strong positive expression rate and total positive expression rate of MMP-9 in invasive group[55.9%(19/34),85.3%(29/34)]were higher than that of noninvasive group[8.3%(2/34),41.7%(10/24)],P<0.05.Pearson showed that HIF-1α and VEGF had positive correlation in invasive pituitary adenoma (r=0.940,P<0.05),HIF-1α and MMP-9 had positive correlation in invasive pituitary adenoma (r=0.412,P<0.05).VEGF and MMP-9 had positive correlation in invasive pituitary adenoma (r=0.783,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the three groups in the non-invasive group. Conclusion The expression levels of HIF-1α,VEGF and MMP-9 in invasive pituitary adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher.Its expression can reflect the occurrence and development of tumor in patients,which provide the appropriate basis for the clinical diagnosis.There is a mutual promotion relationship among the three proteins.