Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemiology and risk factors of brain injury caused by falls in elderly people in this area. Methods The clinical data of 77 cases of senile severe head injury caused by falls in hospitals of Nanchang City between January 1,2013 and December 31,2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The criteria for the inclusion of patients:①aged 60 years or over;②there is a clear history of head injuries caused by falls;③the initial CT scanning clearly confirmed trauma craniocerebral damage.The criteria for the exclusion of patients:①the age of <60 years old;②does not meet the diagnostic criteria for brain injury;③brain injury was not caused by falls.The related single factors were tested by χ² test,and the significant factors were entered into the Logistic regression model to analyze the statistical software by using SPSS 17.0. Results Single factor analysis showed that severe craniocerebral injury caused by falls in the elderly correlated with gender,admission time,falls plane,landed on occipitotemporal sulcus,cardio cerebral vascular elementary disease (P<0.05),not with the age and associated injury (P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the cardiovascular disease (OR=5.555),landed on occipitotemporal sulcus (OR=4.420) were the high risk factors of severe brain injury caused by falls in the elderly. Conclusion For the old patients with severe head injury caused by falls,especially with cardio cerebral vascular elementary disease,we should observe closely the changes of condition,implement intervention as soon as possible,thereby control risk factors,reduce secondary brain injury and reduce the incidence of severe brain,improve the prognosis of patients.The community education should concern the contents of craniocerebral injury caused by falls,improve the understanding of the elderly to craniocerebral injury,and prevent the occurrence of severe brain injury.