Abstract: Objective To compare the curative effect of anti-TB treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes(PTB-DM group) and pulmonary tuberculosis without diabetes(PTB group) with survival analysis.And discuss the impact factors on PTB-DM prognosis. Methods A prospective cohort study on the follow-up data of 116 pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes patients and 120 pulmonary tuberculosis without diabetes patients in our hospital were performed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the inefficiency.The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis of the prognosis of patients with PTB-DM. Results The survival curve showed that the cumulative inefficiency rate was higher in PTB-DM group than that in PTB group(Log-rank test,P=0.001).Univariate factor analysis indicated that the age,cavities in the lung,retreatment TB,drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity were statistically significant(Log-rank test,P<0.05).In Cox proportional hazard regression model,multivariate factor analysis showed that the age,retreatment TB,drug resistance were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Diabetes can weaken the curative effect of TB treatment.For TB patients,especially the patients with other high risk factors affecting tuberculosis prognosis,regularly monitoring and effectively controlling their blood glucose can increase TB improvement rate and improve the prognosis of patients.