Abstract: Objective To establish the stereotactic hematoma aspiration and observe the effect and meaning of stereotactic hematoma aspiration on the experimental rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced by Ⅳ collagenase. Methods The 135 healthy male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,ICH group and hemorrhage aspiration group.The models of ICH were established by injecting Ⅳ collagenase into caudate nucleus of the rats,which were injected with 3 000 U of urokinase in 5 μl to dissolve blood clots on 10 h after ICH and treatment by hematoma aspiration on 2 h after the urokinase was injected.The neurological impairment in rats was evaluated by means of Bederson.The expression of NSE in cortex was detected by the immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Results The expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hematoma aspiration group and ICH group was significantly higher than that in sham operation group at each time point(P<0.05).The expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hematoma aspiration group was slightly higher than that of ICH ground one day after ICH(P>0.05),but there was no significant difference.Compared with ICH group,the expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hemorrhage aspiration group was significantly decreased on 3rd and 5th day after ICH(P<0.01). Conclusion The rat model of ICH induced by Ⅳ collagenase was stable and reliable and ideal model which can be used to implement stereotactic hematoma aspiration.The neurobehavioral function is damaged and the expression of NSE in perihematomal tissue after ICH is increased obviously.The early hematoma aspiration can remove hematoma better,weaken the expression of NSE,reduce the number of neuronal degeneration cells and improve neurobehavioral function significantly after ICH.