Abstract: Objective To study the clinical effects and safety of oral iron with decoction of Caulis Spatholobi in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. Methods From May 2014 to May 2015 in our hospital 120 patients with iron deficiency anemia were selected and randomly divided into Caulis Spatholobi group,oral iron group and combination group(40 cases in each group);The Caulis Spatholobi group was given suberect spatholobus stem water decoction 15 g/day,the oral iron group was given niferex 150 mg/day,while the combination group was given suberect spatholobus stem water decoction 15 g/day and niferex 150 mg/day,which were all treated for 42 d;Before and after the treatment,red blood cell(RBC) count,hemoglobin(Hb),haematocrit(Hct),serum iron(SI),serum ferritin(SF),serum transferrin(Tf),total iron binding force(TIBC),serum Hepcidin index changes of all three groups were recorded and compared,as well as the routine blood tests,routine urine tests,heart and liver and kidney functions. Results Forty-two days after the treatment,the cure rates of the Caulis spatholobi group,oral iron group and combination group were 60.0%,65.0% and 75.0%,respectively,the differences among the three groupswere statistically significant(χ²=8.309,P<0.05).Compared with the levles before treatment,RBC,Hb,Hct,SI,SF,Tf,TIBC and serum Hepcidin of all three groups were all improved significantly (t≥3.56,all P<0.05),and the difference in RBC,Hb,Hct,SI,SF,Tf,TIBC and serum Hepcidin among the three groups was statistically significant(F≥4.89,all P<0.05);RBC,Hb,Hct,SI,SF,Tf,TIBC and serum Hepcidin in the combination group were all significantly higher than those in Caulis Spatholobi group and oral iron group after the treatment(t≥2.38,P<0.05).The tests for the functions of kidney and liver as well as heart were allwithin the normal range.The incidence of adverse reactions was 15% in the oral iron group,10%in the combination group and 0 in the Caulis spatholobi group,the difference was statistically significant(χ²=6.109,P<0.05). Conclusion Caulis spatholobi combined with oral iron agent can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with iron deficiency anemia and iron metabolism,which mechanism may be associated with raising serum iron Hepcidin.