Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors for the cognitive dysfunction in patients suffering from transient ischemic attack (TIA) combined with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Methods The clinical data of 129 cases transient ischemic attack (TIA) in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were reviewed.The patients ICA stenosis were assigned into observation group,other into the control group. Results The difference in the symptoms of high blood pressure was statistically significant(χ²=4.498,P=0.034).There were statistically significant difference in the frequency of TIA among the patients with mild, moderate and severe ICA(P<0.05);MMSE(t=6.718,P<0.001),MoCA (t=5.529,P<0.001) and CCSE (t=4.270,P<0.001) for the patients in the observation group was significantly lower than those in the control group;MMSE,MoCA and CCSE for the patients with moderate and severe ICA were lower than that for the patients with mile ICA,the difference has statistically significant(P< 0.05);The serum CRP level in patients with cognitive impairment was significantly higher than that of the patients with cognitive impairment(t=5.065,P<0.001);Multivariate Logistic regression showed that carotid artery stenosis, hypertension and high serum CRP level were the independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients suffering from TIA. Conclusion ICA, high blood pressure and elevated serum levels of CRP are the independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients suffering from TIA.