The impact of online and offline peer education based on the IMB model on loneliness in Alzheimer's disease patients
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摘要:
目的 鉴于阿尔茨海默病患者普遍存在孤独感的现状,本研究旨在探讨基于信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型的线上线下结合式同伴教育干预在改善该群体孤独感方面的效果。 方法 选取2023年2月—2024年6月绍兴市第七人民医院收治的182例阿尔茨海默病患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(91例)和观察组(91例)。对照组患者应用常规教育,观察组在对照组基础上应用基于IMB模型的线上线下同伴教育。比较2组患者干预前后孤独感、疾病知识掌握程度及日常生活能力。 结果 干预6个月后,观察组患者UCLA孤独量表(ULS)得分为(8.18±2.71)分,低于对照组[(12.85±3.68)分,P<0.05];观察组患者阿尔茨海默病知识量表(ADKS)得分为(18.54±3.14)分,高于对照组[(15.72±3.02)分,P<0.05];观察组患者工具性日常生活能力量表(IADL)得分为(11.75±2.58)分,高于对照组[(9.83±2.46)分,P<0.05]。 结论 基于IMB模型的线上线下同伴教育能有效降低阿尔茨海默病患者孤独感,提高患者疾病知识掌握程度及日常生活能力。 -
关键词:
- 阿尔茨海默病 /
- 信息-动机-行为技巧模型 /
- 线上线下混合式 /
- 同伴教育 /
- 孤独感
Abstract:Objective Given the prevalence of loneliness among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, the objective of this study is to explore the effectiveness of a combination of online and offline peer education interventions based on the information motivation behavioral skills (IMB) model in improving loneliness among this population. Methods A total of 182 AD patients admitted to Shaoxing Seventh People's Hospital between February 2023 and June 2024 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to either a control group (n=91) receiving standard care or an intervention group (n=91) receiving IMB-based hybrid peer education alongside routine care. The severity of loneliness was assessed prior to and following intervention using the University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale (ULS), the Alzheimer's disease knowledge scale (ADKS), and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale, respectively. Disease-related knowledge and functional independence were also assessed. Results Following a six-month intervention period, the ULS score of the observation group patients was (8.18±2.71) points, which was lower than the control group's (12.85±3.68) points, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05); The ADKS score of the observation group was (18.54±3.14) points, which was higher than the control group's (15.72±3.02) points, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05);The score of the IADL for the observation group was (11.75±2.58) points, which was higher than that of the control group (9.83±2.46) points, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The IMB-model-guided hybrid peer education approach effectively mitigates feelings of loneliness, enhances disease understanding, and promotes functional autonomy in patients with AD. -
表 1 基于IMB模型的线上线下同伴教育具体内容
Table 1. Specific content of online and offline peer education based on the IMB model
项目 形式 具体内容 信息干预 线上 建立微信群作为线上管理载体,每个微信群包含8~10名患者、2名资深同伴教育者、2名医护人员。由护理人员担任群主,每周推送2条AD专题内容,内容包括疾病管理知识、认知训练游戏(如数字拼图、记忆卡片)、延缓衰退的非药物干预措施(音乐疗法、园艺疗法)等,每周同一时间在群中推送1~2条前期录制的短视频,嘱患者认真观看,并于推送当晚与资深同伴教育者共同跟进观看进度。同时,群中每日由资深同伴教育者分享疾病管理经验,分享个人如何克服疾病管理所遇到的困难,并由医护人员辅助答疑解惑。 线下 每月于院内组织1次线下讲座,由护士主导、资深同伴教育者辅助,邀请患者及家属共同参加,每次时长约60 min,以某个专题呈现,例如AD患者居家期间康复训练、家属如何正确照护AD患者、遵医嘱正确用药等,进行认知及行为干预,通过PPT及情景模拟深化患者理解。 动机干预 线上 通过线上组织“成功案例交流会”,邀请资深同伴教育者讲述康复历程,通过同伴榜样作用提升患者自我效能感,强化积极面对疾病的信念,每月1次。 线下 患者返院复查时,由神经心理测评师采用开放式问题技术引导患者表达内心需求,强化患者的社交参与意愿。由护理人员协助患者制定个性化小目标,如每天完成10 min手指操,同伴在小组内相互监督。 行为技巧干预 线上 开展角色扮演活动(如模拟购物、就医场景),由护士与同伴教育者共同指导患者练习沟通技巧,每月2次,每次45 min。健康打卡: 每日20:00前完成,由资深同伴教育者统一发布打卡模板,由家属辅助拍摄及记录。(1)认知训练任务: 家属协助拍摄任务过程照片或短视频上传至微信群,例如: 完成1项记忆练习、拼图游戏或数字排序练习; (2)情绪状态记录: 选择今日情绪表情包,并简述原因; (3)用药确认: 拍摄空药盒或服药后饮水照片,标注服药时间; (4)运动监测: 记录运动形式及时长,如散步30 min、健身操20 min,发送康复操跟练及外出散步等运动视频及截图; (5)饮食营养监测: 上传饮食照片; (6)家属互动: 家属共同完成一项家庭任务及活动。 线下 每月于院内开展1次线下技能培训指导,时长约60 min,由资深同伴教育者、患者及家属共同参加,每次指导主题为一项AD患者居家康复内容,例如: 社交技巧训练、生活技能强化及家庭沟通技巧等。 表 2 2组阿尔茨海默病患者一般资料比较
Table 2. Comparison of general data between two groups of Alzheimer's disease patients
项目 对照组(n=91) 观察组(n=91) 统计量 P值 性别(例) 0.088a 0.767 男性 47 49 女性 44 42 年龄(x±s,岁) 69.19±4.42 69.24±5.03 0.071b 0.943 病程(x±s,年) 3.96±0.71 4.10±0.65 1.387b 0.167 病情程度(例) 0.380a 0.537 轻度 60 56 中度 31 35 文化程度(例) 0.663a 0.718 初中及以下 40 45 中专/高中 35 33 大专及以上 16 13 照顾者(例) 0.911a 0.340 配偶 59 65 子女 32 26 慢性病数目(例) 0种 17 12 1.032a 0.597 1~2种 52 56 ≥3种 22 23 注: a为χ2值,b为t值。 表 3 2组阿尔茨海默病患者孤独感比较(x±s,分)
Table 3. Comparison of loneliness between two groups of Alzheimer's disease patients(x±s, points)
组别 例数 ULS量表 t值 P值 干预前 干预后 对照组 91 13.72±4.42 12.85±3.68 1.513 0.168 观察组 91 13.66±4.19 8.18±2.71 9.732 <0.001 统计量 0.094a 9.029b P值 0.925 <0.001 注: a为t值,b为F值。 表 4 2组阿尔茨海默病患者疾病知识掌握程度比较(x±s,分)
Table 4. Comparison of the mastery of disease knowledge between two groups of Alzheimer's patients(x±s, points)
组别 例数 ADKS量表 t值 P值 干预前 干预后 对照组 91 13.24±4.06 15.72±3.02 4.572 <0.001 观察组 91 13.33±3.18 18.54±3.14 10.590 <0.001 统计量 0.166a 5.873b P值 0.868 <0.001 注: a为t值,b为F值。 表 5 2组阿尔茨海默病患者日常生活能力比较(x±s,分)
Table 5. Comparison of daily living abilities between two groups of Alzheimer's disease patients(x±s, points)
组别 例数 IADL量表 t值 P值 干预前 干预后 对照组 91 8.76±2.13 9.83±2.46 3.126 0.001 观察组 91 8.70±2.24 11.75±2.58 8.726 <0.001 统计量 0.185a 4.892b P值 0.853 <0.001 注: a为t值,b为F值。 -
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