甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数及血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数等血检指标与糖尿病前期的相关性研究

郑旭冬; 王芳; 倪想; 徐铭; 康冬梅

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004116

甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数及血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数等血检指标与糖尿病前期的相关性研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004116

中国科学技术大学附属第一医院健康管理中心，安徽合肥 230001

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82271617

详细信息

通讯作者:
郑旭冬，E-mail：1325284178@qq.com

中图分类号: R781.64
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-31

Correlation between blood test indexes including triglyceride glucose index, atherogenic index of plasma, and prediabetes

Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数(TyG)和甘油三酯葡萄糖体重指数(TyG-BMI)、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)、甘油三酯(TG)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的比值(TG/HDL-C)以及谷草转氨酶(AST)与谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的比值(AST/ALT)等多项指标综合分析方法在预测糖尿病前期患病风险中的作用。方法选择2019年10月—2022年4月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院南区健康管理中心进行体检的15 371名体检者，在2020年2月—2024年1月进行随访，分别按照WHO与ADA的糖尿病前期诊断标准纳入研究人群，比较TyG、TyG-BMI、AIP等相关血检指标在糖尿病前期人群和非糖尿病前期人群中的差异。结果糖尿病前期患者TyG-BMI、TyG、AIP、TG/HDL-C均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05)，而AST/ALT低于正常对照组(P＜0.05)。识别糖尿病前期的AUC从大到小依次为TyG-BMI、TyG、AIP、TG/HDL-C和AST/ALT。TyG-BMI预测糖尿病前期的AUC分别为0.916(ADA标准)和0.933(WHO标准)，是最佳的单一预测指标。结论 TyG指数、TyG-BMI、AIP、AST/ALT、TG/HDL-C等指标对糖尿病前期均有预测价值，并且多项预测指标还可以更好地预测血管硬化、心脑血管疾病、代谢紊乱等多种问题，可为糖尿病前期患者的防治提供更加科学、合理的针对性建议。
- 糖尿病前期 /
- 甘油三酯-葡萄糖乘积指数 /
- 甘油三酯葡萄糖-体重指数 /
- 血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数
Abstract: Objective To explore the role of multiple indicators, including triglyceride glucose index (TyG), triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), atherosclerotic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AST/ALT), in assessing the risk of prediabetes. Methods A total of 15 371 individuals from the South District Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from October 2019 to April 2022 were included in the study. The follow-up data were collected from February 2020 to January 2024. Pre-diabetes was diagnosed based on the criteria of WHO and ADA. The differences of blood test indicators such as triglyceride glucose index, triglyceride glucose body mass index, plasma arteriosclerosis in prediabetes population and non-prediabetes population were compared and statistically analyzed (P < 0.05). Results The levels of TyG-BMI, TyG, AIP, and TG/HDL-C in patients with prediabetes were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05), while the AST/ALT ratio was lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The AUC values for identifying prediabetes ranked from highest to lowest were: TyG-BMI, TyG, AIP, TG/HDL-C, and AST/ALT. The AUC values of TyG-BMI were 0.916 (ADA criteria) and 0.933 (WHO criteria), indicating that both TyG and TyG-BMI were independently and positively correlated with prediabetes and served as the most effective individual predictors. Conclusion Blood biomarkers such as TyG index, TyG-BMI, AIP, AST/ALT ratio, and TG/HDL-C ratio have predictive value for prediabetes patients. These indicators not only aid in early screening but also provide insight into the risk of vascular sclerosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. The combined use of these biomarkers offers a more scientific and reasonable rational basis for the prevention and treatment of prediabetes patients.
- Prediabetes /
- Triglyceride-glucose index /
- Triglycerides-glucose body mass index /
- Atherogenic index of plasma

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图 1 各指标预测糖尿病前期的ROC曲线分析

注：A为根据ADA诊断标准；B为根据WHO诊断标准。

Figure 1. ROC curve analysis of each indicator for predicting prediabetes

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表 1 基于WHO的糖尿病前期诊断标准的TyG-BMI分组的基线特征比较

Table 1. The baseline characteristics of TYG BMI grouping based on WHO diagnostic criteria for prediabetes

项目	Q1(98.13~136.89)	Q2(136.89~153.96)	Q3(153.96~191.19)	Q4(191.19~382.46)	统计量	P值
患者例数	3 667	3 667	3 668	3 667
年龄(x ±s，岁)	34.29±10.00	38.02±11.84	49.18±14.45	50.00±12.61	1 510.699^a	0.005
性别[例(%)]					3 139.515^b	＜0.001
男性	702(19.14)	1 271(34.66)	2 212(60.31)	2 906(79.25)
女性	2 965(80.86)	2 396(65.34)	1 456(39.69)	761(20.75)
身高(x ±s，cm)	162.99±7.10	163.98±7.93	165.47±8.33	167.43±7.94	222.542^a	0.033
体重(x ±s，kg)	53.72±5.47	59.17±6.50	65.44±7.73	79.68±11.22	7 124.138^a	0.021
BMI(x ±s)	20.19±1.06	21.95±1.05	23.84±1.43	28.35±2.80	14 946.386^a	0.095
SBP(x ±s，mmHg)	114.00±11.09	117.76±12.83	129.77±18.30	139.54±17.82	2 118.199^a	0.011
DBP(x ±s，mmHg)	70.99±7.01	72.68±7.82	78.83±10.89	86.88±11.84	2 056.733^a	0.029
TC(x ±s，mmol/L)	4.43±0.58	4.54±0.65	4.99±0.90	5.43±1.05	1 083.377^a	0.001
TG(x ±s，mmol/L)	0.73±0.21	0.94±0.28	1.38±0.55	2.67±1.83	2 966.952^a	0.013
HDL-C(x ±s，mmol/L)	1.57±0.27	1.48±0.27	1.35±0.27	1.20±0.25	1 335.223^a	＜0.001
LDL-C(x ±s，mmol/L)	2.21±0.44	2.37±0.52	2.82±0.75	3.15±0.76	1 660.203^a	0.027
VLDL(x ±s，mmol/L)	0.66±0.17	0.69±0.19	0.82±0.30	1.08±0.49	1 331.915^a	＜0.001
ALT(x ±s，IU/L)	13.96±6.33	16.25±7.84	23.39±18.84	39.84±33.85	1 252.613^a	0.018
AST[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，IU/L]	12.30(10.00, 16.00)	14.00(11.00, 19.00)	19.05(14.40, 26.90)	29.80(21.00, 46.10)	5 090.395^c	＜0.001
Cr(x ±s，μmol/L)	59.40±15.33	62.93±20.06	68.88±16.43	73.06±15.97	467.321^a	0.012
BUN(x ±s，μmol/L)	4.73±1.07	4.83±1.20	5.34±1.37	5.48±1.31	323.538^a	0.019
TyG(x ±s)	6.32±0.31	6.62±0.31	7.13±0.38	7.78±0.51	10 120.132^a	＜0.001
AIP(x ±s)	1.87±0.43	2.14±0.52	2.76±0.78	3.62±1.00	4 325.815^a	0.022
TG/HDL-C(x ±s)	0.48±0.17	0.66±0.25	1.07±0.52	2.42±2.24	2 087.407^a	0.027
AST/ALT(x ±s)	1.54±0.47	1.42±0.46	1.19±0.42	0.91±0.35	1 567.265^a	＜0.001
FPG(x ±s, mmol/L)	4.91±0.63	5.04±0.63	5.06±0.62	5.12±0.63	21.471^a	＜0.001
糖尿病家族史[例(%)]	372(10.14)	396(10.80)	556(15.16)	565(15.41)	25.614^b	0.021
注：^a为F值，^b为χ²值，^c为H值。

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表 2 基于ADA的糖尿病前期诊断标准的TyG-BMI分组的基线特征比较

Table 2. The baseline characteristics of TYG BMI grouping based on ADA diagnostic criteria for prediabetes

项目	Q1(98.13~136.02)	Q2(136.02~153.20)	Q3(153.20~191.33)	Q4(191.33~381.55)	统计量	P值
患者例数	2 821	2 820	2 821	2 821
年龄(x ±s，岁)	34.46±10.15	38. 00±11.88	49.47±14.48	50. 26±12.65	1 179.650^a	0.012
性别[例(%)]					2 472.501^b	0.003
男性	522(18.50)	993(35.21)	1 710(60.62)	2 245(79.58)
女性	2 299(81.50)	1 827(64.79)	1 111(39.38)	576(20.42)
身高(x ±s，cm)	162.92±7.03	164.02±7.98	165.45±8.35	167.41±7.93	172.763^a	0.015
体重(x ±s，kg)	53.67±5.41	59.23±6.49	65.46±7.78	79.62±11.13	5 506.594^a	0.024
BMI(x ±s)	20.18±1.05	21.96±1.05	23.85±1.44	28.33±2.76	11 672.842^a	0.015
SBP(x ±s, mmHg)	113.96±11.01	117.72±12.69	130.08±18.29	139.73±17.91	1 672.923^a	0.021
DBP(x ±s, mmHg)	71.07±7.01	72.60±7.82	78.82±10.92	86.81±11.81	1 564.681^a	0.013
TC(x ±s, mmol/L)	4.44±0.58	4.54±0.64	4.99±0.98	5.41±1.04	803.496^a	0.014
TG(x ±s, mmol/L)	0.73±0.21	0.94±0.28	1.38±0.54	2.63±1.71	2 447.151^a	0.023
HDL-C(x ±s, mmol/L)	1.57±0.27	1.47±0.27	1.35±0.27	1.20±0.24	1 040.262^a	0.011
LDL-C(x ±s，mmol/L)	2.21±0.44	2.37±0.52	2.82±0.76	3.14±0.76	1 261.915^a	0.041
VLDL(x ±s，mmol/L)	0.66±0.17	0.69±0.19	0.81±0.31	1.07±0.47	1 016.445^a	0.039
ALT(x ±s，IU/L)	13.97±6.45	16.17±7.65	23.53±18.91	39.66±34.02	944.241^a	＜0.001
AST[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，IU/L]	12.30(10.00, 16.00)	14.00(11.00, 19.00)	19.30(14.70, 27.00)	29.80(21.00, 46.75)	3 964.188^c	＜0.001
Cr(x ±s，μmol/L)	59.17±16.13	63.20±21.65	69.01±16.74	73.14±16.23	338.526^a	＜0.001
BUN(x ±s，μmol/L)	4.74±1.08	4.82±1.26	5.34±1.38	5.45±1.30	232.701^a	0.021
TyG(x ±s)	6.28±0.30	6.57±0.31	7.12±0.39	7.77±0.51	8 204.235^a	＜0.001
AIP(x ±s)	1.87±0.42	2.14±0.52	2.77±0.79	3.61±1.00	3 268.124^a	＜0.001
TG/HDL-C(x ±s)	0.48±0.17	0.66±0.25	1.07±0.51	2.37±2.11	1 713.128^a	0.016
AST/ALT(x ±s)	1.55±0.47	1.41±0.45	1.18±0.43	0.91±0.35	1 195.681^a	＜0.001
糖尿病家族史[例(%)]	306(10.85)	302(10.71)	407(14.43)	452(16.02)	17.579^b	0.032
FPG(x ±s，mmol/L)	4.69±0.48	4.77±0.49	4.78±0.48	4.84±0.49	20.984^a	＜0.001
注：^a为F值，^b为χ²值，^c为H值。

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表 3 糖尿病前期和非糖尿病前期组基线特征比较

Table 3. Baseline characteristics of prediabetic and non-diabetic groups

项目	WHO				ADA
项目	糖尿病前期(n=6 701)	对照组(n=7 968)	统计量	P值	糖尿病前期(n=5 602)	对照组(n=5 681)	统计量	P值
年龄(x ±s，岁)	51.78±13.12	35.38±9.92	86.136^a	0.021	51.12±13.40	35.09±9.78	72.642^a	0.032
性别[例(%)]			55.168^b	0.001			46.276^b	＜0.001
男性	4 753(70.93)	2 338(29.34)			3 842(68.58)	1 628(28.66)
女性	1 948(29.07)	5 630(70.66)			1 760(31.42)	4 053(71.34)
身高(x ±s，cm)	166.19±7.73	163.94±8.16	17.098^a	0.015	166.06±8.17	163.86±7.69	14.761^a	0.032
体重(x ±s，kg)	72.62±12.83	57.67±7.14	88.881^a	0.033	71.54±12.93	57.55±7.14	71.314^a	0.029
BMI(x ±s)	26.17±3.44	21.40±1.48	112.181^a	＜0.001	25.82±3.51	21.37±1.48	88.019^a	0.001
SBP(x ±s，mmHg)	137.09±18.57	115.32±10.65	88.734^a	0.041	135.85±18.70	115.04±10.62	72.826^a	0.037
DBP(x ±s，mmHg)	84.03±12.05	71.72±7.08	76.781^a	0.011	83.20±12.02	71.54±7.05	62.974^a	0.017
FBG(x ±s，mmol/L)	5.06±0.63	5.00±0.63	1.559^a	0.022	4.85±0.49	4.69±0.49	0.573^a	0.036
TC(x ±s，mmol/L)	5.31±1.06	4.46±0.55	62.565^a	0.013	5.24±1.04	4.45±0.55	50.710^a	0.029
TG(x ±s，mmol/L)	2.07±1.56	0.89±0.30	66.154^a	0.020	1.96±1.45	0.88±0.30	54.902^a	0.031
HDL-C(x ±s，mmol/L)	1.29±0.29	1.50±0.27	45.799^a	0.018	1.3±0.29	1.5±0.27	36.676^a	0.026
LDL-C(x ±s，mmol/L)	3.06±0.78	2.28±0.46	74.703^a	0.017	3.00±0.78	2.27±0.46	60.849^a	0.014
VLDL(x ±s，mmol/L)	0.97±0.45	0.68±0.17	53.400^a	0.037	0.94±0.43	0.68±0.16	42.619^a	0.019
ALT(x ±s，IU/L)	32.73±29.59	15.48±7.34	50.250^a	0.010	31.34±28.91	15.44±7.32	40.163^a	＜0.001
AST(x ±s，IU/L)	27.62±15.27	20.00±4.53	42.372^a	＜0.001	27.03±14.91	19.97±4.50	34.115^a	＜0.001
Cr(x ±s，μmol/L)	71.40±21.00	61.58±13.07	34.532^a	0.039	70.92±21.92	61.40±13.03	28.092^a	0.044
BUN(x ±s，μmol/L)	5.52±1.46	4.74±0.98	38.946^a	0.045	5.46±1.46	4.72±0.97	31.851^a	0.041
TyG(x ±s)	7.49±0.57	6.52±0.36	125.816^a	＜0.001	7.42±0.61	6.46±0.35	102.533^a	＜0.001
TyG-BMI(x ±s)	196.74±33.51	139.52±13.21	140.071^a	＜0.001	192.31±35.01	138.17±12.98	109.197^a	＜0.001
AIP(x ±s)	3.26±1.01	2.04±0.50	95.032^a	＜0.001	3.17±1.02	2.04±0.50	74.713^a	0.015
TG/HDL-C(x ±s)	1.79±1.84	0.62±0.27	56.096^a	0.020	1.68±1.69	0.62±0.27	46.657^a	＜0.001
AST/ALT(x ±s)	1.04±0.42	1.45±0.47	55.651^a	＜0.001	1.07±0.43	1.45±0.47	45.216^a	0.024
糖尿病家族史[例(%)]	958(14.30)	931(11.68)	4.708^b	0.007	810(14.46)	657(11.56)	4.574^b	0.011
注：^a为t值，^b为χ²值。

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表 4 Cox回归分析不同模型中TyG-BMI与糖尿病前期发病的关系

Table 4. Cox regression analysis of the relationship between TYG BMI and prediabetes in different models

诊断标准	项目	糖尿病前期发病率	HR(95% CI)
诊断标准	项目	糖尿病前期发病率	未调整模型	模型1	模型2	模型3
ADA	多变量分析(每标准差增加的风险比)		1.051(1.038~1.052)	1.012(1.011~1.013)	1.012(1.011~1.012)	1.012(1.011~1.014)
	TyG-BMI四分位
	Q1	261(9.25)	对照组	对照组	对照组	对照组
	Q2	492(17.45)	1.549(1.334~1.812)	1.581(1.362~1.838)	1.589(1.371~1.847)	1.593(1.374~1.852)
	Q3	2 028(71.89)	4.172(3.573~4.871)	4.488(3.907~5.172)	4.531(3.942~5.213)	4.592(3.984~5.291)
	Q4	2 821(100.00)	5.124(4.231~6.199)	5.694(4.819~6.608)	5.744(4.942~6.673)	5.853(5.021~6.809)
	Waldχ²		19.685	17.453	19.866	16.522
	P值		0.012	0.028	0.001	0.017
WHO	多变量分析(每标准差增加的风险比)		1.052(1.043~1.051)	1.011(1.021~1.022)	1.011(1.011~1.011)	1.012(1.011~1.013)
	TyG-BMI四分位
	Q1	155(4.23)	对照组	对照组	对照组	对照组
	Q2	432(11.78)	2.181(1.812~2.617)	2.261(1.883~2.715)	2.269(1.894~2.732)	2.281(1.901~2.743)
	Q3	2 447(66.71)	7.876(6.634~9.371)	8.78(7.408~10.404)	8.872(7.482~10.514)	8.998(7.578~10.659)
	Q4	3 667(100.00)	9.828(8.211~11.742)	11.341(9.510~13.524)	11.342(9.514~13.507)	11.620(9.735~13.857)
	Waldχ²		18.539	17.844	18.363	17.911
	P值		0.011	0.023	0.015	0.003
注：各模型中，TyG-BMI均以Q1为对照。

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