1~3岁食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为和社会情绪的现况研究

蒋晓燕; 李思思; 闫秀梅; 吴微微; 徐彰

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003508

1~3岁食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为和社会情绪的现况研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003508

温州医科大学附属第二医院·育英儿童医院儿童消化科，浙江温州 325000

基金项目:

浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目 2024KY161

详细信息

通讯作者:
蒋晓燕，E-mail: jiangxy191919@163.com

中图分类号: R725 R593.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-20

Current status of dietary behavior and social emotion in 1-3-year-old children with food allergy

Pediatrics Gastroenterology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children ' s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨1~3岁食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为和社会情绪现状，以期能为食物过敏幼儿的护理和管理提供一定的参考和依据。方法使用方便抽样选择2021年1月—2023年11月在温州医科大学附属第二医院儿童消化科治疗的157例食物过敏幼儿为研究对象。使用基本资料问卷、儿童饮食行为调查问卷与12~36月龄幼儿情绪和社会性评估量表进行调查。结果 69.4%(109/157)的食物过敏幼儿存在一种或多种饮食行为问题，其中40.8%(64/157)的幼儿对某种食物特别偏好，34.4%(54/157)的幼儿胃口差，32.5%(51/157)的幼儿父母过度关心，31.2%(49/157)的幼儿有不良进食习惯，9.6%(15/157)的幼儿害怕进食，4.5%(7/157)的幼儿潜在疾病状态。外化域T分为(54.32±10.76)分，内隐域为(49.63±10.13)分，失调域为(52.46±10.64)分，能力域为(46.84±10.12)，总体异常比例为45.2%(71/157)。饮食行为正常组和饮食行为问题组在社会情绪外化域、内隐域、失调域和能力域方面差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论医务人员应引导照护者积极培养幼儿良好的饮食行为习惯，为幼儿创造和谐的家庭环境，促进其情绪和社会性行为的发展。
- 1~3岁幼儿 /
- 食物过敏 /
- 饮食行为问题 /
- 社会情绪
Abstract: Objective To explore the current status of dietary behavior and social emotion of 1-3-year-old children with food allergy, and provide some reference and basis for the care and management of children with food allergy. Methods A total of 157 children aged from 1 to 3 years old with food allergy were recruited by convenience sampling from Pediatric Digestive Department of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children ' s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2021 to November 2023. The survey was conducted using the basic information questionnaire, children dietary behavior questionnaire and emotional and social assessment scales for children aged 12 to 36 months. Results Sixty-nine point four percents (109/157) of food allergic children had one or more dietary behavior problems, with 40.8% (64/157) special preference for a food, 34.4% (54/157) poor appetite, 32.5% (51/157) parents overconcerned, 31.2% (49/157) having bad eating habits, 9.6% (15/157) fear of eating, 4.5% (7/157) potential disease status. The T scores of externalization domain, implicit domain, disorder domain and competence domain were 54.32±10.76, 49.63±10.13, 52.46±10.64, and 46.84±10.12, respectively. The differences between the normal dietary behavior group, and the dietary behavior problem group in the externalization, implicit, disorder and competence domain were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Medical staff should guide the caregivers to actively cultivate children ' s good dietary behavior habits, create a harmonious family environment, and promote the development of their emotional and social behaviors.
- 1-3-year-old children /
- Food allergy /
- Dietary behavior problems /
- Social emotion

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表 1 食物过敏幼儿基本资料

Table 1. Basic information on children with food allergies

项目	类别	例(%)
性别	男	82(52.2)
	女	75(47.8)
月龄(月)	12~23	87(55.4)
	24~36	70(44.6)
出生体重(g)	2 500~3 999	136(86.6)
	≥4 000	21(13.4)
12个月前喂养史	纯母乳喂养	30(19.1)
	混合喂养	84(53.5)
	人工喂养	43(27.4)
母乳喂养时长(月)	≤6	91(58.0)
	>6	66(42.0)
过敏家族史	有	121(77.1)
	无	36(22.9)
病程(年)	≤1	65(41.4)
	>1	92(58.6)
食物过敏类型	Ig-E介导型	22(14.0)
	非Ig-E介导型	59(37.6)
	混合型	76(48.4)

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表 2 照护者基本资料

Table 2. Caregiver profile

项目	类别	例(%)
性别	男性	49(31.2)
	女性	108(68.8)
年龄(岁)	≤40	59(37.6)
	41~60	47(29.9)
	≥60	51(32.5)
与幼儿关系	父母	79(50.3)
	祖/外祖父母	48(30.6)
	其他	30(19.1)
学历	小学及以下	29(18.5)
	中学	42(26.7)
	大专及以上	86(54.8)

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表 3 食物过敏幼儿的饮食行为问题现状

Table 3. Current dietary behavior issues in children with food allergies

项目	例数(%)	类型	例数(%)
对某种食物特别偏好	64(40.8)	只吃有限的几种食物	48(30.6)
		因为气味或口味等拒绝食物	32(20.4)
		不愿尝试新食物	29(18.5)
胃口差	54(34.4)	食物不感兴趣	37(23.6)
		对游戏感兴趣	19(12.1)
		进食少	23(14.6)
		用餐时离开餐桌	26(16.6)
父母过度关心	51(32.5)	家长认为孩子吃得不够多	29(18.5)
		吃不完家长提供的饭菜	32(20.4)
不良进食习惯	49(31.2)	进食不专心	41(26.1)
		进食时间长(>30 min)	28(17.8)
		大人追逐进食	20(12.7)
		饭菜含嘴里不咽下	8(5.1)
害怕进食	15(9.6)	害怕抗拒进食固体食物	10(6.4)
		准备用餐时很害怕	9(5.7)
潜在疾病状态	7(4.5)	呕吐、腹泻	6(3.8)
		怀疑/确诊某种疾病	2(1.3)

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表 4 157例食物过敏幼儿的社会情绪现状情况

Table 4. Current socio-emotional status of 157 children with food allergies

维度	原始条目均分(x±s，分)	T分均值(x±s，分)	异常例数(%)
外化域	0.72±0.23	54.32±10.76	41(26.1)
内隐域	0.64±0.21	49.63±10.13	19(12.1)
失调域	0.65±0.24	52.46±10.64	29(18.5)
能力域	1.14±0.36	46.84±10.12	42(26.8)

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表 5 不同饮食行为组食物过敏幼儿社会情绪比较(x ±s，分)

Table 5. Comparative study of socio-emotional patterns in children with food allergies across different dietary behaviors (x ±s, points)

组别	例数	外化域	内隐域	失调域	能力域
饮食行为正常组	48	49.32±10.54	45.98±9.89	49.68±10.16	49.87±10.06
饮食行为问题组	109	56.52±10.63	51.24±10.11	53.68±10.43	45.51±9.91
t值		3.933	3.050	2.254	2.514
P值		＜0.001	0.003	0.026	0.013

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