Study on the application of indicator system for evaluating the informatization level of grassroots healthcare
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摘要:
目的 应用基层卫生信息化评估指标体系对上海市M区基层医疗卫生机构的卫生信息化水平现状进行评估并考察指标体系的可行性和稳健性,为基层卫生信息化发展提供参考。 方法 前期通过文献研究、专家咨询已构建形成一套完整的基层卫生信息化水平评估指标体系。针对研究对象不同程度的卫生信息化发展水平,选取上海市M区3家卫生信息化水平不同的社区卫生服务中心(C1、C2、C3),收集指标体系相关数据,应用综合评估模型、加权TOPSIS、加权秩和比(RSR)3种方法对评估结果进行分析。其中,综合评估模型总分较高的卫生信息化发展较好;TOPSIS法评价对象与最优方案越接近的卫生信息化发展越好;RSR法其值越大则说明评价对象越优。 结果 上海市M区3家社区卫生服务中心(C1、C2、C3)卫生信息化水平存在一定的差异,其综合得分分别为81.997、73.080、82.142分,加权TOPSIS法从好到差的顺序是C3、C1、C2,加权RSR法结果显示C3为上档,C1和C2均为中档。3种方法评估结果呈正相关(P < 0.05),具有较好的一致性。 结论 指标体系的实证应用结果显示研究所基于的基层卫生信息化水平评估指标体系具有可行性和稳健性。 Abstract:Objective To study the application of an indicator system for evaluating the informatization level of grassroots healthcare of the M District of Shanghai and verify the feasibility and robustness of the indicator system. Methods As the early stage, an indicator system had been constructed for evaluating the informatization level of grassroots healthcare through the literature research and expert consultation. According to the different digitalization levels, three community healthcare centers (C1, C2 and C3) with different informatization levels in the M district of Shanghai were selected, and the data related to the indicator system were collected. Comprehensive evaluation model, weighted TOPSIS, and weighted rank-sum ratio (RSR) were used to analyze the data. The higher comprehensive score showed the better development of health digitalization level. As the weighted TOPSIS method, according to the degree to which the evaluation object and the idealized targets were close to each other, if a feasible solution was the closest to the ideal solution, it means that the evaluation object was closer to the optimal level. While the weighted RSR method was a non-parametric evaluation method which considered the relative magnitude of the indicators to be evaluated, and the larger the magnitude was, the better the evaluation object was. Results There were certain differences in the informatization level of the 3 community healthcare centers (C1, C2 and C3) in M District of Shanghai, with comprehensive scores of 81.997, 73.080 and 82.142, respectively. The weighted TOPSIS method ranked C3, C1, and C2 from good to bad. The weighted RSR method results showed that C3 was at the top class, while C1 and C2 were both at the middle class. The evaluation results of the three methods were positively correlated (P < 0.05), implying good consistency. Conclusion The empirical results suggested the feasibility and robustness of the indicator system constructed for evaluating the informatization level of grassroots healthcare. -
表 1 基层卫生信息化水平评估指标体系
Table 1. Indicator system for evaluating the digitalization level of grassroots healthcare
一级指标 二级指标 三级指标 信息化保障 规划与制度 制定信息化建设规划情况 制定信息系统基本规范与制度情况 信息化项目开展情况 组织 设置信息化工作领导小组/部门 制定小组或部门工作规范与标准 人力资源 信息技术人员占比 信息技术人员培训情况 信息技术人员学历构成 信息技术人员专业构成 资金 建设预算资金与同时期卫生总费用之比 建设与运维资金纳入年度预算情况 信息化基础设施设备 硬件 人均计算机拥有率 机房建设 机房面积 软件 基础软件情况 网络 计算机接入院内网络的比例 网络带宽 信息安全 身份认证 数据防泄漏 数据备份与恢复 信息系统等保定级情况 信息安全培训 安全运维专用设备 信息系统建设与功能实现 基层医疗卫生信息系统建设情况 基层医疗卫生信息系统种类 基层医疗卫生信息系统数量 基层医疗卫生信息系统覆盖率 基层医疗卫生信息系统功能实现 基层医疗卫生信息系统功能使用情况 基本医疗服务信息化水平 基本医疗服务功能使用情况 基本公共卫生服务信息化水平 基本公共卫生服务功能使用情况 运营管理信息化水平 应用系统进行绩效考核评估情况 综合查询与统计分析系统使用情况 单点登录管理 全面预算管理 信息化应用 信息共享 基层医疗卫生信息系统区域内不同级别数据交换共享情况 基层医疗卫生信息系统区域内本级或下级信息平台数据交换共享情况 基层医疗卫生信息系统与其他外部信息系统数据共享情况 医联体内信息共享情况 统一的信息编码水平 互联网+惠民服务与管理 基于电子健康档案系统的电子健康档案建档率 基于家庭医生智能化信息服务平台的人群签约率 基于预约管理系统的居民线上预约就诊率 基于慢病管理系统的慢性病规范管理率 基于家床管理系统的家庭病床率 基于转诊系统的双向转诊率 基于远程医疗系统的区域远程医疗开展比例 65+老年人健康体检率 信息化效益 对工作效率提升 平均等候时间缩短程度 财务结算时间缩短程度 满意度 医务人员满意度 表 2 3家机构与最优方案的接近程度及排序
Table 2. The proximity and ranking of the three community healthcare centers to the optimal scheme
机构 D+ D- Ci 排序 C1 0.282 0.384 0.577 2 C2 0.400 0.232 0.367 3 C3 0.243 0.366 0.601 1 表 3 3家机构的RSR排序与分档结果
Table 3. RSR rankings and gradings of the three community healthcare centers
机构 WRSR值 RSR排名 WRSR拟合值 分档等级 C1 0.677 2 0.665 2 C2 0.613 3 0.620 2 C3 0.709 1 0.715 3 表 4 3家机构的RSR分布
Table 4. RSR distribution of the three community healthcare centers+RSR distribution of the three community healthcare centers
机构 WRSR值 频数(f) 累积频数(Σf) 平均秩次 平均秩次/n×100% Probit值 C1 0.677 1 1 1 66.7 5.431 C2 0.613 1 2 2 33.3 4.569 C3 0.709 1 3 3 91.7a 6.383 注:a按[1-1/(4×n)]×100%估计。 表 5 3家机构的RSR分档排序临界值
Table 5. RSR ranking threshold of 3 institutions
档次 百分位数临界值 Probit临界值 RSR临界值(拟合值) 下 < 15.866 < 4 < 0.590 中 ≥15.866 ≥4 ≥0.590 上 ≥84.134 ≥6 ≥0.695 表 6 3种方法的相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of 3 methods
项目 相关系数 综合评估法 & 加权TOPSIS 0.997 加权TOPSIS & 加权RSR法 0.896 综合评估法 & 加权RSR法 0.858 注:均P < 0.05。 表 7 3种方法的结果和排名比较
Table 7. Scores and rankings of the three methods
机构 综合评估法 加权TOPSIS法 加权RSR法 分值 排序 分值 排序 分值 排序 C1 81.997 2 0.577 2 0.665 2.5 C2 73.080 3 0.367 3 0.620 2.5 C3 82.142 1 0.601 1 0.715 1 表 8 3家机构一级指标评估结果与排序
Table 8. Evaluation results and ranking of first-level indicators in three institutions
机构 信息化保障 信息化基础设施设备 信息系统建设与功能实现 信息化应用 信息化效益 得分 排序 得分 排序 得分 排序 得分 排序 得分 排序 C1 18.660 1 19.998 1 16.297 2 13.277 2 15.845 2 C2 16.668 3 18.028 2 12.302 3 9.514 3 17.816 1 C3 18.283 2 17.856 3 18.104 1 13.718 1 15.845 2 -
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