早产儿母亲育儿支持现状及影响因素分析

项旦丹; 曹雪宏; 余海英; 张静; 林小清

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003120

早产儿母亲育儿支持现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003120

温州医科大学附属第二医院新生儿科，浙江温州 325000

基金项目:

浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目 2021KY800

详细信息

通讯作者:
张静，E-mail：zhangj12365@163.com

中图分类号: R722 R715.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 437
- HTML全文浏览量: 119
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-13

Analysis of status quo and influencing factors of parental support of premature mothers

Department of Neonatal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的本研究从早产儿母亲角度出发，旨在了解其育儿支持现状并探讨影响育儿支持水平的相关因素，以期为早产儿母亲育儿支持管理策略的制定提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样的方法，于2022年8—12月选取温州市2所三甲医院202名早产儿母亲作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查表、婴儿母亲育儿支持问卷、角色适应问卷及育儿胜任感量表的自我效能分量表进行问卷调查。结果早产儿母亲育儿支持标准分为4分，其中，育儿困难感维度5分，家庭支持维度3分，自身情况维度4分，丈夫情况维度3分，婴儿情况维度4分；早产儿母亲产次、家庭居住地、受教育程度在育儿支持得分之间差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；早产儿母亲育儿支持与自我效能、角色适应及各维度均呈负相关关系(r=-0.169~-0.541, 均P＜0.05)；多元逐步回归分析显示，自我效能、受教育程度、角色适应的婴儿日常生活照顾能力及产妇母亲角色幸福感维度、产次进入回归方程，解释总变异的34.7%。结论早产儿母亲育儿支持水平有待提高，医护工作者应注重对低自我效能感、低学历、低角色适应初产妇的育儿支持水平的关注，采取个性化干预措施，提高其育儿支持水平，为早产儿提供更好的家庭护理。
- 早产儿 /
- 母亲 /
- 育儿支持 /
- 角色适应 /
- 自我效能
Abstract: Objective From the perspective of the mothers of premature infants, this study aims to understand the current situation of parenting support and explore the factors affecting the level of parenting support, in order to provide a reference for the development of parenting support management strategies for the mothers of premature infants. Methods There were 202 mothers of premature infants were selected from 2 Class A tertiary hospitals in Wenzhou city from August to December in 2022 by convenient sampling. General Situation Questionnaire, Parenting Support for Mothers of Infants, Role Adaptation Questionnaire and Self-efficacy Subscale of Parenting Sense of Competence Scale were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Results The parenting support for mothers of infants were 4 points, child-raising difficulty were 5 points, the family support were 3 points, their own situation were 4 points, the husband's situation were 3 points, the baby situation were 4 points. There were differences in the number of births, family residence, and education among the parenting support scores (all P < 0.05). Parenting support for preterm mothers was negatively correlated with total self-efficacy, role adaptation, and scores for all dimensions (r was -0.169 to -0.541, all P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that self-efficacy, educational level, role-adapted infant ability to care for daily life, maternal role happiness dimensions, and birth entry into the regression equation, explaining 34.7% of the total variation. Conclusion The level of parenting support for mothers of premature infants needs to be improved. Medical workers should pay attention to low self-efficacy, low education, low role adaptation and parenting support level for primiparas, adopt personalized intervention measures, improve their parenting support level, and provide better home care for premature infants.
- Premature infants /
- Mothers /
- Parenting support /
- Role adaptation /
- Self-efficacy

HTML全文

表 1 不同一般人口学资料早产儿母亲育儿支持得分比较(n=202)

Table 1. Comparison of parenting support scores of preterm's mothers based on different general demographic data(n=202)

项目	类别	例数	育儿支持总分(x±s，分)	统计量	P值
早产儿性别	男	112	164.12±16.05	1.565^a	0.119
	女	90	160.58±15.89
分娩方式	顺产	74	163.77±17.28	0.695^a	0.488
	剖宫产	128	162.05±16.76
胎龄(周)	＜30	49	165.59±16.57	1.302^b	0.274
	30~ < 34	72	163.12±17.19
	34~36	81	160.73±16.61
早产儿出生体重(g)	＜1 000	11	167.97±16.22	1.154^b	0.329
	1 000~ < 1 500	26	165.94±16.71
	1 500~ < 2 000	75	162.78±16.11
	≥2 000	90	160.82±15.85
产次(次)	1	119	164.97±17.24	2.364^a	0.019
	＞1	83	159.23±16.59
居住地	城市/城镇	138	161.12±15.15	-2.059^a	0.041
	农村	64	165.93±16.07
付费方式	医保	119	161.81±17.36	0.544^b	0.581
	新农合	72	164.25±16.11
	自费	11	160.69±16.75
受教育程度	初中及以下	37	167.72±16.66	3.703^b	0.026
	高中或中专	58	163.97±15.39
	大专及以上	107	160.06±15.06
家庭月均收入(元)	＜3 000	31	165.17±16.38	0.514^b	0.673
	3 000~ < 7 000	66	163.13±16.65
	7 000~ < 10 000	60	162.28±15.84
	≥10 000	45	160.54±17.24
注：^a为t值，^b为F值。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 早产儿母亲育儿支持、角色适应及自我效能的相关性(r值)

Table 2. Correlation of parenting support, role adaptation, and self-efficacy amongpreterm's mothers (r value)

项目	育儿困难感	家庭支持	自身情况	丈夫情况	婴儿情况	育儿支持
产妇母亲角色幸福感	-0.393^a	-0.321^a	-0.214^a	-0.302^a	-0.325^a	-0.437^a
婴儿对产妇生活的影响	-0.275^a	-0.274^a	-0.319^a	-0.169^b	-0.274^a	-0.319^a
婴儿日常生活照顾能力	-0.362^a	-0.236^a	-0.305^a	-0.266^a	-0.373^a	-0.496^a
信念	-0.231^a	-0.305^a	-0.337^a	-0.231^a	-0.337^a	-0.331^a
角色适应	-0.325^a	-0.299^a	-0.304^a	-0.273^a	-0.371^a	-0.522^a
自我效能	-0.318^a	-0.314^a	-0.492^a	-0.321^a	-0.377^a	-0.541^a
注：^aP＜0.01，^bP＜0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 早产儿母亲育儿支持影响因素的多元逐步回归分析

Table 3. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of factors influencing parenting support in preterm's mothers

自变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值
自我效能	-0.326	0.060	-0.309	-5.408	＜0.001
产妇母亲角色幸福感	-0.257	0.055	-0.264	-4.629	＜0.001
受教育程度	-8.685	3.071	-0.190	-2.828	0.005
婴儿日常生活照顾能力	-0.280	0.065	-0.255	-4.325	＜0.001
产次	-11.992	4.387	-0.133	-2.734	0.007
注：R=0.784，R²=0.614，调整R²=0.598，F=38.374，P＜0.001。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(16)

[1]	赵伟, 薛云丽, 李玲, 等. 新生儿重症监护室实施家长参与早产儿护理的平行对照研究[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(2): 348-351. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002349 ZHAO W, XUE Y L, LI L, et al. Parallel controlled study of parental involvement in pre-term infant care and routine care in the neonatal intensive care unit[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(2): 348-351. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002349
[2]	郭文杰, 刘欣梅, 吴天兴, 等. NICU早产儿母亲亲职压力的研究进展[J]. 护理研究, 2019, 33(20): 3545-3548. doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2019.20.019 GUO W J, LIU X M, WU T X, et al. Research progress on parenting stress in mothers of premature newborns admitted in NICU[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2019, 33(20): 3545-3548. doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2019.20.019
[3]	胥秀, 胡秀琼, 张蓉, 等. 同伴教育对早产儿母亲育儿认知与心理状况的影响[J]. 护理管理杂志, 2021, 21(10): 747-750, 756. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-315x.2021.10.013 XU X, HU X Q, ZHANG R, et al. Effects of peer education on cognition and mental health of puerperae with premature infants[J]. Journal of Nursing Administration, 2021, 21(10): 747-750, 756. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-315x.2021.10.013
[4]	彭心仪, 赵艳红. 英国家庭育儿支持政策的演变历程及其对中国的启示[J]. 求知导刊, 2021(15): 14-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QZDK202115008.htm PENG X Y, ZHAO Y H. The evolution of the British family parenting support policy and its implications for China[J]. Journal of Seeking Knowledge Guide, 2021(15): 14-16. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QZDK202115008.htm
[5]	姚莉莉, 赵敏慧. NICU出院早产儿母亲育儿压力轨迹及影响因素研究[J]. 护理学杂志, 2022, 37(12): 68-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ202212019.htm YAO L L, ZHAO M H. Study on parenting stress trajectory among mothers of premature infants discharged from NICU: the influencing factors[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2022, 37(12): 68-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ202212019.htm
[6]	夏幸阁, 赵丽洁, 张碧瑜, 等. 婴儿母亲育儿支持问卷的汉化与信效度检验[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(11): 1649-1654. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.11.008 XIA X G, ZHAO L J, ZHANG B Y, et al. The sinicization of Parenting Support for Mothers of Infants and the test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(11): 1649-1654. doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.11.008
[7]	李静, 刘宇. 护理学研究方法[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2012: 50-54. LI J, LIU Y. Methods of Nursing studies[M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2012: 50-54.
[8]	吴婉华, 陆红. 初产妇产褥期母亲角色适应状况调查研究[J]. 护理研究, 2009, 23(7): 596-598. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6493.2009.07.011 WU W H, LU H. Investigation on maternal role adaptation for primipara in puerperium[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2009, 23(7): 596-598. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6493.2009.07.011
[9]	李雪莹, 毛康娜, 弭小艺, 等. 育儿胜任感量表在学龄前儿童母亲中应用的信效度评价[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2021, 53(3): 479-484. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BYDB202103007.htm LI X Y, MAO K N, MI X Y, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale in mothers of preschool children[J]. Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences), 2021, 53(3): 479-484. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BYDB202103007.htm
[10]	杜雯雯, 张萌, 李佳, 等. 父母育儿自我效能感评估工具的研究进展[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2022, 37(13): 2517-2520. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202213052.htm DU W W, ZHANG M, LI J, et al. Progress in the assessment tools for parental parenting self-efficacy[J]. Maternal and Child Health Care of China, 2022, 37(13): 2517-2520. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202213052.htm
[11]	刘丽, 崔巧娜, 史旭娜. 早产儿母亲同伴支持需求及影响因素分析[J]. 医院管理论坛, 2020, 37(3): 26-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWYG202003009.htm LIU L, CUI Q N, SHI X N. Analysis of Peer Support Needs and Influencing Factors in Mothers of Premature Infants[J]. Hospital Management Forum, 2020, 37(3): 26-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWYG202003009.htm
[12]	宫慧, 魏丽丽, 邹玉姣, 等. 早产儿母亲出院准备度现状及影响因素分析[J]. 护理学杂志, 2021, 36(13): 9-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ202113003.htm GONG H, WEI L L, ZHOU Y J, et al. Status and influencing factors of discharge readiness in mothers of preterm infants[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2021, 36(13): 9-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ202113003.htm
[13]	赵伟, 薛云丽, 李玲, 等. 新生儿重症监护室实施家长参与早产儿护理的平行对照研究[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(2): 348-351. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002349 ZHAO W, XUE Y L, LI L, et al. Parallel controlled study of parental involvement in pre-term infant care and routine care in the neonatal intensive care unit[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(2): 348-351. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002349
[14]	杨梦娟, 葛梅, 杨晓琴. 实习护生自我领导力与自我效能感的相关性研究[J]. 护理研究, 2018, 32(11): 1753-1757. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXHZ201811025.htm YANG M J, GE M, YANG X Q. Correlation between self-leadership and self-efficacy among intern nursing students[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2018, 32(11): 1753-1757. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXHZ201811025.htm
[15]	黄晓丽, 金靓, 张浩. 叙事护理对母婴分离产妇心理影响的应用研究[J]. 中国计划生育和妇产科, 2019, 11(8): 49-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHFC201908013.htm HUANG X L, JIN L, ZHANG H. Application of narrative nursing on psychological effects of maternal separation[J]. Chinese Journal of Family Planning & Gynecotokology, 2019, 11(8): 49-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHFC201908013.htm
[16]	崔长钉, 王兴洁, 王晓鹏, 等. 母婴分离产妇母亲角色适应的影响因素分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2021, 36(18): 4297-4299. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202118049.htm CUI C D, WANG X J, WANG X P, et al. Analysis of factors influencing maternal roles[J]. Maternal and Child Health Care of China, 2021, 36(18): 4297-4299. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB202118049.htm