辽宁省6~11岁儿童口腔健康情况及其龋病发生的家庭知晓率情况分析

高青; 吴明; 刘璐; 叶茜雯; 周欣琳; 刘懿卿

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003005

辽宁省6~11岁儿童口腔健康情况及其龋病发生的家庭知晓率情况分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.003005

高青¹,
吴明¹,
刘璐²,
叶茜雯¹,
周欣琳¹,
刘懿卿^1, ,

1.
辽宁省疾病预防控制中心，辽宁沈阳 110005
2.
中国医科大学附属口腔医院，辽宁沈阳 110005

基金项目:

辽宁省儿童口腔健康管理适宜技术推广项目 2019JH2/10300004

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘懿卿, E-mail: lncdcgaoqing@163.com

中图分类号: R788.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-01

Analysis of oral health status and household awareness rate of dental caries among children aged 6-11 years in Liaoning Province

1.
Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning 110005, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2020年辽宁省6~11岁儿童及家长口腔保健知晓率情况及儿童口腔患龋情况，同时分析其影响因素，为进一步防治儿童口腔龋齿的发生提供科学策略和措施。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法，抽取辽宁省12个市6~11岁儿童共计7 165名，对抽取的儿童进行口腔情况检查和问卷调查，同时对学生家长进行问卷调查。采用logistic回归分析研究儿童龋齿发生的影响因素。结果辽宁省6~11岁儿童的患龋率为90.8%，其口腔健康知识知晓率为64.2%，家长口腔健康知识知晓率为78.0%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，影响龋齿发生的主要因素为每天刷一次牙、做窝沟封闭、城乡分类、出生体重和父母最高学历(均P＜0.05)。其中，每天刷一次牙(OR=0.461)和父母高学历(高中/中专OR=0.539，大专OR=0.488，本科OR=0.433，硕士及以上OR=0.367)为龋齿发生的保护性因素，而未做窝沟封闭(OR=1.627)、农村(OR=1.438)和孩子出生时高体重(2.5~4.0 kg，OR=2.564；>4.0 kg，OR=3.253)为龋齿发生的危险性因素。结论辽宁省6~11岁儿童龋齿发生率相对较高，防控形势严峻。应通过开展有针对性的宣传教育提高儿童及家长的口腔健康知识知晓率，进而养成儿童刷牙的好习惯，同时提高家长和儿童参与窝沟封闭的积极性等多种防控手段联合，以避免儿童龋齿的发生。
- 龋患率 /
- 6~11岁 /
- 儿童 /
- 知晓率
Abstract: Objective To investigate the oral health awareness rate of children aged 6-11 years and their parents and evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children in Liaoning Province in 2020, analyze the influencing factors and provide scientific strategies and measures for further prevention and treatment of children ' s oral caries. Methods A total of 7 165 children aged 6-11 years in 12 cities of Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. The children were subjected to oral examination and questionnaire survey, and the parents were investigated by questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing dental caries was also conducted. Results The rate of dental caries was 90.8%, the awareness rate of oral health was 64.2% and the awareness rate of parents was 78.0%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that brushing once a day, pit and fissure sealing, urban and rural classification, birth weight and high educational background of parents were the main factors influencing dental caries (P < 0.05). Among them, brushing teeth once a day (OR=0.461) and parents ' high education level (high school/technical secondary school OR=0.539, juniorcollege OR=0.488, undergraduate OR=0.433, master ' s degree above OR=0.367) were the protective factors for dental caries. The risk factors of dental caries were absence of pit and fissure sealing (OR=1.627) as well as rural (OR=1.438) and high birth weight (2.5-4.0 kg, OR=2.564; >4.0 kg, OR=3.253). Conclusion The incidence of dental caries among children aged 6-11 years in Liaoning Province is relatively high, and the situation of prevention and control is grim. The oral awareness rate of children and their parents should be raised through targeted publicity and education to form a good habit of tooth brushing. The enthusiasm of parents and children participating in the prevention and control of pit and fissure closure should be increased to prevent dental caries.
- Prevalence of caries /
- 6-11 years old /
- Children /
- Awareness rate
利益冲突 无

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表 1 辽宁省6 494名6~11岁儿童口腔健康知识知晓率情况

Table 1. Oral health knowledge rate of 6 494 children aged 6 ~ 11 years in Liaoning Province

题目	回答正确人数(%)
含氟牙膏对牙齿的益处	3 136(48.3)
刷牙出血表明牙龈发炎了	3 714(57.2)
窝沟封闭对牙齿的好处	4 826(74.3)
牙齿需要定期去医院检查	4 903(75.5)
牙齿好坏是天生的，不需要保护	5 723(88.1)
粘在牙齿上的细菌是引起龋齿(虫牙)和牙龈出血的原因	4 307(66.3)
尽量少吃甜品和含糖饮料，尤其是睡觉前，否则很容易蛀牙	5 209(80.2)
引起蛀牙的原因	1 530(23.6)

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表 2 辽宁省6 494名6~11岁儿童家长口腔健康知识知晓率情况

Table 2. Oral health awareness rate of 6 494 parents of children aged 6-11 in Liaoning Province

题目	回答正确人数(%)
牙齿的好坏是天生的，和自己的保护关系不大	5 588(86.0)
口腔健康对自己的生活很重要	5 896(90.8)
保护孩子“六龄齿”很重要	5 602(86.3)
乳牙坏了不用治疗	4 991(76.9)
窝沟封闭能预防儿童龋齿	4 762(73.3)
氟化物对保护牙齿没有用	3 372(51.9)
刷牙时牙龈出血是正常的	5 287(81.4)
吃糖可以导致龋齿	5 017(77.3)

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表 3 辽宁省6 494名6~11岁儿童患龋率的单因素分析

Table 3. Univariate analysis of caries prevalence in 6 494 children aged 6 to 11 years in Liaoning Province

项目	类别	调查人数	患龋人数(%)	χ²值	P值
每天刷牙次数	从不刷	173	163(94.22)	2.904	0.407
	有时刷	811	738(91.00)
	只刷1次	2 258	2 041(90.39)
	刷2次及以上	3 252	2 953(90.81)
刷牙方法	横刷法	1 454	1 315(90.44)	1.952	0.582
	竖刷法	2 124	1 917(90.25)
	转圈法	969	886(91.43)
	没有固定方法	1 947	1 777(91.27)
性别	男	3 492	3 168(90.72)	0.027	0.870
	女	3 002	2 727(90.84)
窝沟封闭情况	做窝沟封闭	2 082	1 855(89.10)	10.318	0.001
	未做窝沟封闭	4 412	4 040(91.57)
城乡分类	城市	3 291	2 963(90.03)	4.395	0.036
	农村	3 203	2 932(91.54)
日常照料人	妈妈	4 946	4 479(90.56)	1.513	0.679
	爸爸	619	569(91.92)
	祖父母/外祖父母	879	801(91.13)
	其他人	50	46(92.00)
出生体重	＜2.5 kg	630	516(81.90)	67.642	< 0.001
	2.5~4.0 kg	5 198	4 758(91.54)
	>4.0 kg	595	555(93.28)
	不清楚	71	66(92.96)
父母最高学历	文盲	233	216(92.70)	58.178	< 0.001
	小学	397	366(92.19)
	初中	1 713	1 622(94.69)
	高中/中专	1 447	1 309(90.46)
	大专	1 183	1 048(88.59)
	本科	1 252	1 102(88.02)
	硕士及以上	269	232(86.25)
开始刷牙时间	从不刷牙	41	38(92.68)	40.527	< 0.001
	6个月	472	401(84.96)
	1岁	708	613(86.58)
	2岁	1 303	1 189(91.25)
	3岁	1 592	1 452(91.21)
	4岁	1 217	1 128(92.69)
	5岁	1 161	1 074(92.51)
出生6个月喂养方式	完全母乳喂养	2 280	2 096(91.93)	11.515	0.021
	母乳喂养为主	1 833	1 633(89.09)
	完全人工喂养	1 036	935(90.25)
	人工喂养为主	387	351(90.70)
	母乳喂养和人工喂养各半	957	879(91.85)
注：6个月喂养方式问卷中缺失1例。

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表 4 辽宁省6 494名6~11岁儿童患龋率的多因素分析

Table 4. Multivariate analysis of caries prevalence in 6 494 children aged 6 to 11 years in Liaoning Province

变量	类别	B	SE	Wald χ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
每天刷牙次数	有时刷	-0.589	0.360	3.468	0.101	0.555	0.274~1.123
	只刷1次	-0.774	0.351	5.768	0.027	0.461	0.232~0.917
	刷2次及以上	-0.622	0.350	4.723	0.076	0.537	0.270~1.067
刷牙方法	竖刷法	0.077	0.120	0.121	0.520	1.080	0.854~1.366
	转圈法	0.189	0.149	0.708	0.203	1.208	0.903~1.617
	没有固定方法	0.166	0.124	0.591	0.179	1.181	0.927~1.505
性别	女	0.044	0.088	0.074	0.614	1.045	0.880~1.241
窝沟封闭情况	未做窝沟封闭	0.487	0.098	45.743	< 0.001	1.627	1.343~1.971
城乡分类	农村	0.363	0.101	38.976	< 0.001	1.438	1.180~1.754
日常照料人	爸爸	0.068	0.160	0.043	0.672	1.070	0.782~1.463
	祖父母和外祖父母	0.021	0.132	0.038	0.875	1.021	0.789~1.321
	其他人	-0.122	0.535	0.799	0.819	0.885	0.310~2.526
出生体重	2.5~4.0 kg	0.942	0.147	13.097	< 0.001	2.564	1.924~3.418
	>4.0 kg	1.180	0.212	19.654	< 0.001	3.253	2.146~4.931
	不清楚	0.894	0.492	10.667	0.069	2.445	0.933~6.407
父母最高学历	小学	-0.146	0.320	0.209	0.648	0.864	0.461~1.619
	初中	-0.140	0.295	0.191	0.635	0.869	0.487~1.551
	高中/中专	-0.618	0.285	6.451	0.030	0.539	0.308~0.942
	大专	-0.718	0.284	8.114	0.011	0.488	0.279~0.850
	本科	-0.836	0.285	8.744	0.003	0.433	0.248~0.758
	硕士及以上	-1.002	0.325	15.722	0.002	0.367	0.194~0.695
开始刷牙时间	6个月	-0.113	0.632	3.232	0.858	0.893	0.259~3.080
	1岁	-0.113	0.624	3.235	0.856	0.893	0.263~3.032
	2岁	0.302	0.621	0.876	0.627	1.353	0.400~4.573
	3岁	0.244	0.620	0.776	0.694	1.276	0.379~4.299
	4岁	0.378	0.622	0.965	0.543	1.459	0.431~4.936
	5岁	0.277	0.621	0.654	0.656	1.319	0.390~4.457
出生6个月喂养方式	母乳喂养为主	-0.181	0.113	1.645	0.108	0.834	0.669~1.040
	完全人工喂养	-0.002	0.136	0.008	0.991	0.998	0.765~1.303
	人工喂养为主	-0.102	0.194	0.221	0.598	0.903	0.617~1.321
	母乳喂养和人工喂养各半	0.110	0.144	0.794	0.443	1.117	0.842~1.480
注：每天刷牙次数以从不刷牙为参照，刷牙方法以横刷法为参照，性别以男为参照，窝沟封闭情况以做窝沟封闭为参照，城乡分类以城市为参照，日常照料人以妈妈为参照，出生体重以 < 2.5 kg为参照，父母最高学历以文盲为参照，开始刷牙时间以从不刷牙为参照，出生6个月喂养方式以完全母乳为参照。

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