Analysis of disease composition and clinical features of 2716 inpatients with mental disorders in children and adolescents
-
摘要:
目的 分析阜阳市某医院精神科儿童青少年精神障碍住院患者疾病分类及临床特点。 方法 采用回顾性调查方法,查阅2019年1月1日—2021年12月31日阜阳市某医院住院患者中年龄≤18岁的精神障碍患者的病历资料,收集入组对象的性别、年龄、住院天数、主要诊断等人口学及临床资料。采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析。 结果 (1) 总体2 716例儿童青少年住院患者最常见5类疾病诊断为:抑郁障碍958例(35.3%)、精神分裂症及其他原发性精神病性障碍807例(29.7%)、双相障碍236例(8.7%)、焦虑障碍201例(7.4%)及神经发育障碍173例(6.4%)。2019—2021年儿童青少年住院患者占全院总体患者的比例分别为5.8%(817/14 084)、7.5%(608/8 112)、9.8%(1 291/13 140)。(2)与开放病房患儿比较,封闭病房患儿年龄较大,男性占比较高、住院时间较长。(3)与青少年组比较,儿童组患者平均住院时间较长、开放病房占比较高(P < 0.001)。 结论 儿童青少年精神障碍患者总体住院率较高, 且逐年上升。儿童青少年精神障碍住院患者以抑郁障碍、精神分裂症及其他原发性精神病性障碍为主。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the disease composition and clinical characteristics of inpatients with child and adolescent mental disorders in a hospital of Fuyang. Methods The medical records of inpatients with mental disorders aged ≤18 years in a hospital in Fuyang from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data including gender, age, days of hospitalization and primary diagnosis were collected for data analysis using SPSS 22.0. Results (1) A total of 2 716 children and adolescents were collected. The five most common diseases were diagnosed as depressive disorder (958 cases, 35.3%), schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders (807 cases, 29.7%), bipolar disorder (236 cases, 8.7%), anxiety disorders (201 cases, 7.4%) and neurodevelopmental disorders (173 cases, 6.4%). In 2019—2021, the inpatients of children and adolescents accounted for 5.8% (817/14 084), 7.5% (608/8 112) and 9.8% (1 291/13 140) of the total hospital patients, respectively. (2) Compared with the patients in the open ward group, the children in the closed ward were older, with a higher proportion of males and a longer hospital stay. (3) Compared to the adolescent group, the average length of hospital stay was longer and the proportion of open wards was higher in the children group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The overall hospitalization rate of children and adolescents with mental disorders is high, and is increasing year by year. Inpatients with mental disorders in children and adolescents are mainly characterized by depression disorder, schizophrenia, and other primary psychiatric disorders. -
表 1 2019—2021年所有儿童青少年精神科住院患者一般情况
Table 1. General information of all child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients from 2019 to 2021
病种 3年患者总数 各年份患者数量[例(%)] 3年平均住院年龄(x±s,岁) 3年平均住院天数(x±s,d) 2019年 2020年 2021年 1 12(0.4) 4(0.5) 2(0.3) 6(0.5) 16.0(14.3,16.8) 15.0(6.8,26.8) 2 0 0 0 0 3 807(29.7) 361(44.2) 163(26.8) 283(21.9) 16.0(15.0,17.0) 22.0(13.0,35.0) 4 236(8.7) 60(7.3) 60(9.9) 116(9.0) 16.0(14.0,17.0) 18.0(11.0,30.0) 5 958(35.3) 220(27.0) 235(38.6) 503(38.9) 15.0(14.0,16.0) 12.0(7.0,17.0) 6 201(7.4) 37(4.5) 43(7.1) 121(9.4) 14.0(13.0,16.0) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 7 21(0.8) 6(0.7) 4(0.7) 11(0.9) 16.0(13.5,16.5) 17.0(8.5,31.0) 8 55(2.0) 19(2.3) 11(1.8) 25(1.9) 14.0(11.0,16.0) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 9 83(3.1) 26(3.2) 19(3.1) 38(2.9) 15.0(12.0,16.0) 9.0(4.0,15.0) 10 0 0 0 0 11 3(0.1) 0 3(0.5) 0 16.0(13.0,18.0) 12.0(8.0,16.0) 12 3(0.1) 0 0 3(0.2) 15.0(13.0,18.0) 9.0(8.0,10.0) 13 0 0 0 0 14 173(6.4) 65(8.0) 35(5.8) 73(5.7) 15.0(12.5,16.0) 14.0(7.5,28.0) 15 120(4.4) 6(0.7) 17(2.8) 97(7.5) 14.0(13.0,15.0) 9.0(6.0,16.8) 16 44(1.6) 13(1.6) 16(2.6) 15(1.2) 14.0(12.0,16.0) 9.5(4.3,21.0) 合计 2 716 817 608 1 291 15.0(14.0,17.0) 14.0(7.0,24.0) 注:病种中,1为器质性精神障碍;2为精神活性物质使用所致障碍;3为精神分裂症及其他原发性精神病性障碍;4为双相障碍;5为抑郁障碍;6为焦虑障碍;7为强迫及相关障碍;8为创伤及应激相关障碍;9为分离障碍;10为躯体症状及相关障碍;11为进食与喂养障碍;12为睡眠障碍;13为成人人格和行为障碍;14为神经发育障碍;15为通常起病于儿童少年的行为和情绪障碍;16为其他。 表 2 近3年封闭与开放病房住院儿童概况
Table 2. Profiles of children admitted to closed and open wards in recent three years
病种 封闭患者[例(%)] 开放患者[例(%)] 患者数[例(%)] 年龄[M(P25, P75),岁] 住院天数[M(P25, P75),d] 2019封闭 2019开放 2020封闭 2020开放 2021封闭 2021开放 封闭 开放 封闭 开放 1 0 12(0.5) 0 4(0.7) 0 2(0.4) 0 6(0.5) 16.0(14.3,16.8) 15.0(6.8,26.8) 3 231(54.7) 576(25.1) 118(57.0) 243(39.8) 31(50.0) 132(24.2) 82(53.6) 201(17.7) 17.0(16.0,18.0) 16.0(15.0,17.0) 32.0(20.0,59.0) 18.0(12.0,29.0) 4 52(12.3) 184(8.0) 19(9.2) 41(6.7) 9(14.5) 51(9.3) 24(15.7) 92(8.1) 16.0(15.0,18.0) 15.5(14.0,17.0) 27.5(15.0,48.0) 16.0(10.0,28.0) 5 46(10.9) 912 (39.8) 22(10.6) 198(32.6) 7(11.3) 228(41.8) 17(11.1) 486(42.7) 15.0(14.0,16.0) 15.0(14.0,16.0) 12.0(7.0,21.3) 12.0(7.0,17.0) 6 16(3.8) 185(8.1) 15(7.3) 22(3.6) 1(1.6) 42(7.7) 0 121(10.6) 15.0(14.0,16.0) 14.0(13.0,17.0) 9.0(4.3,17.5) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 7 0 21(0.9) 0 6(1.0) 0 4(0.7) 0 11(1.0) 16.0(13.5,16.5) 17.0(8.5,31.0) 8 0 55(2.4) 0 19(3.1) 0 11(2.0) 0 25(2.2) 14.0(11.0,16.0) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 9 11(2.6) 72(3.1) 10(4.8) 16(2.6) 0 19(3.5) 1(0.7) 37(3.3) 15.0(13.0,17.0) 14.0(12.0,16.0) 14.0(6.0,24.0) 9.0(4.0,14.0) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 3(0.1) 0 0 0 3(0.5) 0 0 16.0(13.0,18.0) 12.0(8.0,16.0) 12 0 3(0.1) 0 0 0 0 0 3(0.3) 15.0(13.0,18.0) 9.0(8.0,10.0) 14 48(11.4) 125 (5.4) 19(9.2) 46(7.5) 8(12.9) 27(4.9) 21(13.7) 52(4.5) 16.0(14.0,16.8) 14.0(12.0,16.0) 29.5(14.0,78.0) 12.0(6.5,20.0) 15 9(2.1) 111(4.8) 1(0.5) 5(0.8) 2(3.2) 15(2.7) 6(3.9) 91(8.0) 16.0(15.0,17.0) 13.0(13.0,15.0) 18.0(12.0,44.5) 9.0(6.0,15.0) 16 9(2.1) 35(1.5) 3(1.4) 10(1.6) 4(6.5) 12(2.2) 2(1.3) 13(1.1) 15.0(13.0,17.0) 14.0(12.0,16.0) 16.0(4.0,22.5) 9.0(4.0,18.0) 合计 422 2 294 207 610 62 546 153 1 138 16.0(15.0,18.0) 15.0(14.0,17.0) 28.0(14.0,52.3) 13.0(7.0,21.0) 注:病种中,1为器质性精神障碍;3为精神分裂症及其他原发性精神病性障碍;4为双相障碍;5为抑郁障碍;6为焦虑障碍;7为强迫及相关障碍;8为创伤及应激相关障碍;9为分离障碍;11为进食与喂养障碍;12为睡眠障碍;14为神经发育障碍;15为通常起病于儿童少年的行为和情绪障碍;16为其他。 表 3 290例儿童与2 426例青少年住院患者临床资料
Table 3. Clinical data of 290 children and 2 426 adolescents inpatients
病种 13岁及以下儿童 13岁以上儿童 患者总数[例(%)] 男孩[例(%)] 女孩[例(%)] 住院天数[M(P25, P75),d] 患者总数[例(%)] 男孩[例(%)] 女孩[例(%)] 住院天数[M(P25, P75),d] 1 1(0.3) 0 1(0.6) 53.0 11(0.5) 6(0.6) 5(0.4) 15.0(6.8,26.8) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 47(16.2) 16(13.6) 31(18.0) 19.0(12.0,29.0) 760(31.3) 389(36.1) 371(27.5) 22.0(13.0,35.0) 4 9(3.1) 5(4.2) 4(2.3) 17.0(12.5,22.0) 227(9.4) 105(9.7) 122(9.0) 18.0(11.0,30.0) 5 73(25.2) 17(14.4) 56(32.6) 10.0(7.0,15.0) 885(36.5) 276(25.6) 609(45.1) 12.0(7.0,17.0) 6 30(10.3) 11(9.3) 19(11.0) 7.0(5.8,11.3) 171(7.0) 90(8.4) 81(6.0) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 7 2(0.7) 1(0.8) 1(0.6) 12.0(10.0,12.0) 19(0.8) 9(0.8) 10(0.7) 17.0(8.5,31.0) 8 17(5.9) 9(7.6) 8(4.7) 4.0(2.5,14.0) 38(1.6) 13(1.2) 25(1.9) 8.0(5.0,14.0) 9 28(9.7) 15(12.7) 13(7.6) 7.5(4.0,12.8) 55(2.3) 20(1.9) 35(2.7) 9.0(4.0,15.0) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 3(0.1) 1(0.1) 2(0.1) 12.0(8.0,16.0) 12 0 0 0 3(0.1) 2(0.2) 1(0.1) 9.0(8.0,10.0) 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 43(14.8) 24(20.3) 19(11.0) 10.0(6.0,17.0) 130(5.4) 84(7.8) 46(3.4) 15.0(8.0,29.0) 15 28(9.7) 15(12.7) 13(7.6) 9.0(6.0,14.8) 92(3.7) 58(5.4) 34(2.5) 9.0(3.0,21.0) 16 12(4.1) 5(4.2) 7(4.0) 13.0(5.0,22.0) 32(1.3) 24(2.2) 8(0.5) 9.5(4.3,21.0) 合计 290 118 172 10.0(6.0,17.0) 2 426 1 077 1 349 14.0(7.0,24.0) 注:病种中,1为器质性精神障碍;2为精神活性物质使用所致障碍;3为精神分裂症及其他原发性精神病性障碍;4为双相障碍;5为抑郁障碍;6为焦虑障碍;7为强迫及相关障碍;8为创伤及应激相关障碍;9为分离障碍;10为躯体症状及相关障碍;11为进食与喂养障碍;12为睡眠障碍;13为成人人格和行为障碍;14为神经发育障碍;15为通常起病于儿童少年的行为和情绪障碍;16为其他。 -
[1] CHARLSON F J, BAXTER A J, DUA T, et al. Excess mortality from mental, neurological and substance use disorders in the global burden of disease study 2010 -corrigendum [J]. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 2016, 25(1): 91-92. doi: 10.1017/S2045796015000724 [2] CHANG X, GONG Q Y, LI C B, et al. Psychiatric disorders in China: strengths and challenges of contemporary research and clinical services[J]. Psychol Med, 2021, 51(12): 1978-1991. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721002816 [3] LI F, CUI Y, LI Y, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in school children and adolescents in China: diagnostic data from detailed clinical assessments of 17, 524 individuals[J]. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2022, 63(1): 34-46. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13445 [4] 张久平, 成鑫, 张会会, 等. 2 153例儿少精神科住院患者精神疾病分布及药物使用[J]. 四川精神卫生, 2020, 33(5): 440-445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WANT202005013.htmZHANG J P, CHENG X, ZHANG H H, et al. Distribution characteristics and medication analysis of mental diseases among 2153 children and adolescents hospitalized in psychiatry department[J]. Sichuan Mental Health, 2020, 33(5): 440-445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WANT202005013.htm [5] 许燕, 翁穗芸, 刘松康, 等. 2020年广东地区青少年精神障碍的就医现状及影响因素[J]. 江苏预防医学, 2022, 33(1): 44-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYF202201012.htmXU Y, WENG S Y, LIU S K, et al. The current medical treatment situation and influencing factors of adolescents with mental disorders in Guangdong, 2020[J]. iangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 33(1): 44-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYF202201012.htm [6] 朱晓茜, 龙汨. 开放式儿童青少年心理病房患者的临床资料分析[J]. 大众科技, 2020, 22(4): 95-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZJI202004030.htmZHU X X, LONG M. Clinical data analysis of patients in open child and adolescent psychological ward[J]. Popular Science and Technology, 2020, 22(4): 95-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZJI202004030.htm [7] 梁迎春, 张翠玲, 陈翠薇, 等. 广州市某精神专科医院青少年急诊就医调查及其性别差异分析[J]. 全科医学临床与教育, 2021, 19(7): 640-641, 652. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QKYL202107018.htmLIANG Y C, ZHANG C L, CHEN C W, et al. Investigation and gender difference of adolescent emergency visits in a psychiatric hospital in Guangzhou[J]. Clinical Education of General Practice, 2021, 19(7): 640-641, 652. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QKYL202107018.htm [8] 林嘉峰. 儿少精神科患者就诊情况与影响因素分析[D]. 汕头: 汕头大学, 2021.LIN J F. Analysis of medical treatment and influencing factors of pediatric psychiatric patients[D]. Shantou: Shantou University, 2021. [9] 李再芳, 郑晓娇, 梁雪梅, 等. 泸州市某医院儿童青少年期起病的精神疾病住院患者疾病构成与特征分析[J]. 四川精神卫生, 2018, 31(3): 218-222. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WANT201803007.htmLI Z F, ZHENG X J, LIANG X M, et al. Analysis of disease composition and characteristics of inpatients with mental disorders in childhood and adolescence in a hospital of Luzhou[J]. Sichuan Mental Health, 2018, 31(3): 218-222. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WANT201803007.htm [10] 刘杰. 1 280例精神障碍患儿住院临床资料分析[J]. 中国初级卫生保健, 2021, 35(4): 79-82. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCW202104026.htmLIU J. Clinical data analysis of 1280 hospitalized children with mental disorders[J]. China Primary Health Care, 2021, 35(4): 79-82. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCW202104026.htm [11] 孙科, 谢俊, 童永号, 等. 青少年精神障碍患者住院时间的影响因素研究[J]. 医学综述, 2020, 26(1): 174-177, 182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXZS202001037.htmSUN K, XIE J, TONG Y H, et al. A study on influencing factors on hospitalization time of patients with adolescent mental disorders[J]. Medical Recapitulate, 2020, 26(1): 174-177, 182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXZS202001037.htm [12] MILLER D A A, RONIS S T, SLAUNWHITE A K, et al. Longitudinal examination of youth readmission to mental health inpatient units[J]. Child Adolesc Ment Health, 2020, 25(4): 238-248. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/339658204_Longitudinal_examination_of_youth_readmission_to_mental_health_inpatient_units_Youth_readmission_to_mental_health_inpatient_units [13] LU J, XU X F, HUANG Y Q, et al. Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study[J]. Lancet Psychiatry, 2021, 8(11): 981-990. http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34559991/ [14] GENG F, JIANG F, RAKOFSKY J, et al. Psychiatric inpatient beds for youths in China: data from a nation-wide survey[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2020, 20(1): 398. http://www.socolar.com/Article/Index?aid=200253240310&jid=200000025495 [15] 陈泓旭, 李欣怡, 李艺婷, 等. 新冠肺炎疫情下父母教养方式与子女网络游戏障碍的关系研究[J]. 中华全科医学, 2022, 20(5): 877-881. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002477CHEN H X, LI X Y, LI Y T, et al. Relationship between parenting style and children's online gaming disorder under COVID-19 epidemic[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2022, 20(5): 877-881. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002477 [16] 仇晓艳, 王广海, 王瑜, 等. 新冠疫情隔离期间学龄期儿童情绪和行为变化的研究[J]. 中华全科医学, 2021, 19(12): 2077-2080, 2114. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002241QIU X Y, WANG G H, WANG Y, et al. Study on the changes of school-age children's emotional and behavioral problems during COVID-19 quarantie[J]. Chinese Journal of General Practice, 2021, 19(12): 2077-2080, 2114. doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.002241 -

计量
- 文章访问数: 479
- HTML全文浏览量: 162
- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0