Status and influencing factors of career attractiveness and quality of life of general practitioner training doctors in Jiangsu Province
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摘要:
目的 了解江苏省基层全科医生职业吸引力与生命质量的现状和影响因素,以师资培训为探索重点,为提升江苏省全科医生职业吸引力和生命质量提供依据。 方法 采用单纯随机抽样的方法于2020年对江苏省各地368名全科医生进行调查,通过基本情况调查表对工作满意度、职业倦怠、离职意愿、生命质量等进行调查,运用单因素(χ2检验、秩和检验)和多因素(线性回归、有序logistic回归)等对项目间关系进行分析。 结果 工作满意度为(74.35±12.59)分,处于基本满意状态;离职意愿为(14.54±3.40)分,个人成就感为16.00(10.00, 24.00)分,存在轻度职业倦怠和较高的离职意愿。单因素分析表明,年龄、专业、岗位、工作年限、学历、职称、工作地区、培训次数、带教情况是职业吸引力的影响因素(均P < 0.05)。多因素分析表明,是否带教、培训频次、收入、学历、职称、专业是职业吸引力的影响因素(均P < 0.05)。生命质量与工作满意度、离职意愿呈正相关关系,与职业倦怠呈负相关关系(均P < 0.01),情绪耗竭会影响全科医生生命质量(P < 0.01)。 结论 目前江苏省全科职业吸引力有待提高,减轻职业倦怠有助于改善生命质量。增加高质量师资培训的次数、推进转岗队伍的建设、优化人才引进结构、提升薪酬待遇有望提升职业吸引力。 Abstract:Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of career attractiveness and quality of life of grass-roots general practitioners in Jiangsu Province, and focus on teacher training, so as to provide basis for improving professional attractiveness and quality of life of general practitioners in Jiangsu Province. Methods A total of 368 general practitioners from various parts of Jiangsu Province were investigated by the method of simple random sampling in 2020. The basic situation questionnaire was used to investigate job satisfaction, job burnout, turnover intention and quality of life. Univariate analysis (χ2 test, rank sum test) and multivariate analysis (linear regression, ordered logistic regression) were used to analyze the relationship between projects. Results The average score of job satisfaction was (74.35±12.59) points, which was in the state of basic satisfaction. The average score of turnover intention was (14.54±3.40) points, and the score of personal achievement was 16.00 (10.00, 24.00) points, with mild job burnout and high turnover intention. Univariate analysis showed that age, major, position, working years, educational background, professional title, working area, training times and teaching were the influencing factors of professional attractiveness (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that whether teaching, training frequency, income, education background, professional title and major were the influencing factors of occupational attractiveness (all P < 0.05). The quality of life was positively correlated with job satisfaction and turnover intention, and negatively correlated with job burnout (all P < 0.01). Emotional exhaustion affected the quality of life of general practitioners (P < 0.01). Conclusion At present, the career attractiveness of general practice in Jiangsu Province needs to be improved, and reducing job burnout is helpful to improve the quality of life of general practitioners. Increasing the number of high-quality teacher training, promoting the construction of job transfer teams, optimizing the structure of talent introduction, and improving the salary package are expected to enhance the career attraction. -
Key words:
- General practice /
- Career attraction /
- Quality of life /
- Teachers training
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表 1 江苏省调查全科医师基本情况
Table 1. Survey of general practitioners in Jiangsu Province
基本情况 类别 人数 构成比(%) 基本情况 类别 人数 构成比(%) 学历 大专及以下 24 6.52 是否带教 全科学员 137 37.23 本科 215 58.42 全科助理学员 71 19.29 硕士 102 27.72 全科转岗学员 11 2.99 博士及以上 27 7.34 未参与带教 117 31.79 专业 西医 327 88.86 其他 32 8.70 中医 30 8.15 参与全科师资培训a 国家级 53 14.40 中西医结合 11 2.99 省市级 168 45.65 岗位 临床医师岗 344 93.48 助理全科 31 8.42 医技岗 8 2.17 国家级骨干 24 6.52 其他 16 4.35 省级骨干训 87 23.64 职称 初级 33 8.97 院级 110 29.89 中级 145 39.40 未参加 91 24.73 高级 190 51.63 其他 20 5.43 工作年限(年) < 5 25 6.80 单位所在地 苏南 152 41.30 5~10 52 14.13 苏中 102 27.72 > 10 291 79.08 苏北 114 30.98 年收入(万元) < 10 109 29.62 参与培训频次 未参加 91 24.73 10~15 148 40.22 1~2次 148 40.22 > 15~20 83 22.55 2次以上 129 35.05 > 20 28 7.61 注:a单位为人次。 表 2 工作满意度影响因素的单因素分析
Table 2. Univariate analysis of influencing factors for job satisfaction
变量 类别 人数 得分(x ±s,分) F值 P值 年收入(万元) < 10 109 72.53±10.23 5.058 0.002 10~15 148 73.10±12.15 > 15~20 83 76.70±11.28 > 20 28 81.11±8.26 学历 大专及以下 24 78.96±8.49 3.233 0.022 本科 215 72.91±7.68 硕士 102 76.61±8.45 博士及以上 27 73.26±6.81 表 3 离职意愿影响因素的单因素分析
Table 3. Univariate analysis of the influencing factors for turnover intention
变量 类别 人数 得分(x ±s,分) F值 P值 职称 初级 33 14.24±3.08 4.297 0.014 中级 145 13.96±3.02 高级 190 15.03±3.66 年收入(万元) < 10 109 13.75±3.31 5.958 0.001 ≥10~ < 15 148 14.55±3.36 ≥15~ < 20 83 14.84±3.29 ≥20 28 16.64±3.46 工作地区 苏南 152 15.13±3.36 13.795 < 0.001 苏中 102 15.17±3.10 苏北 114 13.19±3.36 是否带教 全科学员 137 3.96±0.91 2.854 0.024 全科助理 71 3.87±0.78 全科转岗 11 3.97±0.98 未参与 117 3.59±0.83 其他 32 3.63±0.18 表 4 职业倦怠影响因素的单因素分析
Table 4. Univariate analysis of influencing factors for job burnout
评价方面 变量 人数 得分[ M(P25, P75), 分] χ2值 P值 去人格化 专业 7.812 0.020 西医 327 3.00(1.00, 7.00) 中医 30 3.00(1.00, 5.00) 中西医结合 11 5.00(2.00, 9.00) 岗位 9.745 0.008 临床医师岗 344 4.00(1.00, 7.00) 医技岗 8 1.50(0.25, 2.75) 其他 16 4.00(2.00, 9.75) 工作年限 6.731 0.035 < 5年 25 5.00(1.50, 5.00) 5~10年 52 5.00(2.25, 10.00) > 10年 291 3.00(1.00, 6.00) 职称 6.640 0.036 初级 33 3.00(2.00, 6.00) 中级 145 4.00(1.00, 7.00) 高级 190 3.00(1.00, 6.25) 情绪耗竭 是否带教 10.145 0.038 全科学员 137 15.00(10.00, 23.00) 全科助理 71 18.00(9.00, 26.00) 全科转岗 11 8.00(5.00, 12.00) 未参与 117 13.00(8.00, 22.50) 其他 32 12.50(6.00, 19.75) 低个人成就感 参与培训频次 6.734 0.034 未参加 91 18.00(10.00, 24.00) 1~2次 148 16.00(11.00, 26.75) 2次以上 129 14.00(9.00, 22.50) 职称 9.424 0.009 初级 33 24.00(15.50, 32.50) 中级 145 16.00(9.50, 24.00) 高级 190 15.00(9.00, 24.25) 表 5 全科医生职业吸引力变量赋值情况
Table 5. Occupational attractiveness variable assignment of general practitioners
变量 赋值方法 学历 大专及以下=1,本科=2,硕士=3,博士及以上=4 专业 中西医结合=(0, 0),西医=(1, 0), 中医=(0, 1),以“中西医结合”为对照 职称 初级=1,中级=2,高级=3 岗位 临床医师岗=(0, 0),医技岗=(1, 0),其他=(0, 1),以“临床医师岗”为对照 工作年限 < 5年=1, 5~10年=2, > 5年=3 年收入 < 10万元=1, ≥10~ < 15万元=2, ≥15~ < 20万元=3,≥20万元=4,以 < 10万元为对照 是否带教 未参与带教=(0, 0, 0, 0),全科转岗=(1, 0, 0, 0),全科助理=(0, 1, 0, 0),全科学员=(0, 0, 1, 0),其他=(0, 0, 0, 1),以“未参与带教”为对照 单位所在地 苏南=(0, 0),苏中=(1, 0),苏北=(0, 1),以“苏南”为对照 参与培训频次 未参加=1,参加1~2次=2,参加2次以上=3,以“参加2次以上”为对照 表 6 全科医生工作满意度及离职意愿影响因素的多元线性回归分析
Table 6. Multiple linear regression analysis of influencing factors for job satisfaction and turnover intention among general practitioners
因变量 变量 类别 β SE t值 P值 95% CI 工作满意度 年收入(万元) > 15~20 4.489 0.885 2.382 0.021 0.782~8.201 > 20 9.344 0.757 3.390 0.008 3.919~14.760 学历 本科 -6.937 0.670 -2.600 0.014 -12.190~-1.694 博士及以上 -9.157 1.588 -2.546 0.015 -16.209~-2.101 离职意愿 年收入(万元) > 20 1.978 0.796 2.485 0.013 0.413~3.544 工作地区 苏北 -1.661 0.446 -3.723 < 0.001 -2.539~-0.784 是否带教 全科转岗 -0.853 0.658 -2.362 0.021 -1.574~-0.135 注:表中仅列出P < 0.05的变量类别。 表 7 全科医生低个人成就感、去人格化、生命质量影响因素的logistic回归分析
Table 7. Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting general practitioners ' low personal accomplishment, depersonalization and quality of life
因变量 变量 类别 B SE Wald χ2 P值 OR值(95% CI) 低个人成就感 培训频次 参与1~2次 1.318 0.352 2.799 0.049 1.374(1.020~2.429) 未参与 1.284 0.291 3.035 0.037 1.329(1.116~2.050) 去人格化 专业 西医 -1.636 0.120 4.563 0.033 0.183(0.039~0.869) 生命质量 情绪耗竭 0.087 0.019 21.943 < 0.001 1.091(1.052~1.131) 注:表中仅列出P < 0.05的变量类别。 表 8 全科医生生命质量及职业吸引力相关性分析
Table 8. Correlation analysis of life quality and occupational attractiveness among general practitioners
变量 r值 P值 工作满意度 0.280a < 0.001 离职意愿 0.247a < 0.001 情绪耗竭 -0.403b < 0.001 去人格化 -0.212b < 0.001 低个人成就感 -0.088b 0.092 注:a为Pearson相关性分析,b为Spearman相关性分析。 -
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