Relationship between parental rearing patterns and children's Internet gaming disorder in the context of COVID-19
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摘要:
目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情大学生居家上课期间子女网游游戏使用状况调查,以及父母教养方式与子女网络游戏成瘾的关系。 方法 2020年8月6—27日选取蚌埠医学院从大一到大五的大学生及其父母为研究对象,父母问卷由子女转发给父母填写。子女问卷采取整班随机抽样的方法,分别采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)和网络游戏成瘾问卷调查父母教养方式与子女网络游戏成瘾的关系,采用网络游戏的认知状况问卷分别调查父母和子女对大学生网络游戏成瘾的认知状况。 结果 疫情期间,网络游戏是大学生主要的在线娱乐活动,且其中有42%的人认为自己的网络游戏行为比疫情以前有所增加;父母关爱和控制程度越高,子女网络游戏成瘾总分越高,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01),父母教养方式中权威型、专制型和放任型的网络游戏成瘾总分明显高于普通型,差异有统计学意义(权威型P < 0.001,专制型和放任型均P < 0.05);父母和子女在对子女的网络游戏使用、引导和是否成瘾等方面存在认知偏差,差异具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。 结论 父母高关爱和高控制与子女网络游戏成瘾具有正相关性,原因可能是父母与子女在对子女的网络游戏使用、引导和是否成瘾等方面存在的认知偏差所导致的,因此在引导子女正确使用网络游戏时,家长需要客观的认识网络游戏,并与子女沟通寻找双方都能够接受且有效的方法,这可能有利于改善亲子关系,减轻子女网络游戏成瘾的问题。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between parental rearing patterns and children's Internet game addiction in the context of COVID-19. Methods The survey was conducted from 6 August 2020 to 27 August 2020. The research subjects were divided into two parts: one part was children, who were college students from freshman to fifth year in Bengbu Medical College. The second part was parents, and the parents' questionnaire was sent to their parents by their children. The questionnaire for children was conducted by random sampling of the whole class. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and Online Game Addiction Questionnaire were used to investigate the relationship between parenting style and the online game addiction, and the Online Game Cognition Questionnaire was used to investigate the cognitive status of parents and children on online game addiction amongst college students. Results During the epidemic, online games were the main online entertainment activities for college students, and 42% of them considered that their online gaming behaviours had increased compared with those before the epidemic. The higher the degree of parental care and control, the higher the total score of children's online game addiction; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The total score of online game addiction on the group of authoritarian, despotism and permissiveness was significantly higher than that of permissiveness and ordinary ones in parents' parenting style (authoritarian P < 0.001, despotism, and permissiveness P < 0.05). Parents and children had different perceptions of the use, guidance and addiction of their children's online games (all P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between parents' high care and high control and children's online game addiction. The reason may be the difference between parents and children in understanding their children's use of online games, guidance and addiction. Therefore, when guiding children to use online games correctly, parents need to objectively understand online games and communicate with their children to find acceptable and effective methods, which may help improve parent-child relationships and alleviate the children's online game addiction problems. -
Key words:
- Parental rearing patterns /
- Internet gaming addiction /
- Control /
- Care
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表 1 问卷调查人群一般资料
Table 1. General information of the survey population
人群 项目 类别 人数 占比(%) 子女 性别 男性 210 52.50 女性 190 47.50 年龄(岁) ≤18 85 21.25 19~20 196 49.00 21~22 85 21.25 23~27 31 7.75 城乡地区 城市 196 49.00 城镇 90 22.50 农村 114 28.50 父母 性别 男性 61 45.19 女性 74 54.82 学历 小学 10 7.41 初中 33 24.44 高中/中专 41 30.37 本科/大专 38 28.15 硕士及以上 13 9.63 年龄(岁) 41~50 116 85.93 51~60 17 12.59 61~70 1 0.74 城乡地区 城市 81 60.00 城镇 23 17.04 农村 31 22.96 表 2 父亲、母亲关爱类型与子女网络游戏成瘾分析(x±s,分)
Table 2. Analysis of the types of parental care and children's online game addiction (x±s, scores)
组别 关爱类型 人数 网络游戏成瘾总分 F值 P值 父亲 低关爱 137 44.10±17.12a 26.393 < 0.001 普通 254 45.51±16.11a 高关爱 9 85.22±18.57 母亲 低关爱 137 43.71±16.12a 35.773 < 0.001 普通 254 52.42±16.51a 高关爱 9 88.63±16.59 注:与高关爱组比较,aP < 0.001。 表 3 父亲、母亲控制类型与子女网络游戏成瘾分析(x±s,分)
Table 3. Analysis of the control types of fathers and mothers and their children's online game addiction (x±s, scores)
组别 控制类型 人数 网络游戏成瘾总分 F值 P值 父亲 低控制 10 45.70±16.75 18.684 < 0.001 普通 249 42.01±15.85a 高控制 141 52.84±18.39 母亲 低控制 64 39.50±15.62a 20.528 < 0.001 普通 228 43.71±16.03a 高控制 108 54.39±18.72 注:与高控制组比较,aP < 0.001。 表 4 父亲、母亲关爱、控制与子女网络游戏成瘾相关性
Table 4. The relationship between father, mother's care, control and children's online game addiction
组别 项目 网络游戏成瘾总分 r值 P值 父亲 关爱因子 0.250 < 0.001 关爱类型 0.168 控制因子 0.365 < 0.001 控制类型 0.268 母亲 关爱因子 0.311 < 0.001 关爱类型 0.348 控制因子 0.364 < 0.001 控制类型 0.293 表 5 父亲、母亲教养方式与子女网络游戏成瘾分析(x±s,分)
Table 5. Analysis of the parenting style of fathers and mothers and their children's online game addiction(x±s, scores)
组别 教养方式 人数 网络游戏成瘾总分 F值 P值 父亲 专制型 28 47.57±18.38a 17.626 < 0.001 权威型 9 85.22±18.57 放任型 8 42.75±16.71a 普通型 355 44.86±16.33a 母亲 专制型 57 47.79±15.39b 17.100 < 0.001 权威型 7 87.00±17.21b 放任型 61 40.11±15.70 普通型 275 45.77±16.96b 注:与权威型比较,aP < 0.001;与放任型比较,bP < 0.05。 表 6 变量赋值表
Table 6. Table of variable assignments
变量 赋值方法 性别 男性=0;女性=1 父亲关爱类型 低关爱=0;普通=1;高关爱=2 母亲关爱类型 低关爱=0;普通=1;高关爱=2 父亲控制类型 低控制=0;普通=1;高控制=2 母亲控制类型 低控制=0;普通=1;高控制=2 父亲教养方式 专制型=0, 0, 0;权威型=1, 0, 0;放任型=0, 1, 0;普通型=0, 0, 1 母亲教养方式 专制型=0, 0, 0;权威型=1, 0, 0;放任型=0, 1, 0;普通型=0, 0, 1 表 7 逐步回归分析网络游戏成瘾的影响因素
Table 7. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of online game addiction
项目 B SE β t值 P值 父亲控制因子 1.297 0.233 0.272 5.560 < 0.001 女性 -7.963 1.551 -0.227 -5.135 < 0.001 母亲高关爱 27.143 6.126 0.217 4.431 < 0.001 表 8 父母关爱类型的差异(x±s,分)
Table 8. Differences in the types of parental care (x±s, scores)
组别 例数 鼓励因子 关爱因子 关爱类型 控制因子 控制类型 父亲 400 12.41±4.07 16.92±4.66 1.68±0.51 6.96±3.67 2.33±0.52 母亲 400 12.22±4.03 15.90±4.58 1.19±0.44 6.13±4.28 2.11±0.65 t值 0.672 3.127 14.486 2.941 5.237 P值 0.502 0.002 < 0.001 0.003 < 0.001 表 9 家长与子女对于网络游戏成瘾认知状况差异[M(P25, P75)]
Table 9. Difference of cognition between parents and children about online game addiction [M(P25, P75)]
组别 例数 父母对于子女使用网络游戏的态度 子女疫情前后网络游戏使用频率的改变 有效引导子女健康游戏的方法 父母引导子女健康游戏方法的效果 子女对于网络游戏是否成瘾 父母 135 2(2,2) 2(2,3) 3(2,5) 3(2,5) 2(1,2) 子女 400 2(2,2) 2(2,3) 3(2,3) 3(2,3) 2(2,2) Z值 -0.603 -0.517 -2.596 -2.094 -2.173 P值 0.547 0.605 0.009 0.036 0.030 -
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