Talent demand of Shaanxi township health centres and its situation research on basic career status and job satisfaction
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摘要:
目的 了解陕西乡镇卫生院人才队伍现状及其工作满意度，探究其中存在的问题及原因，为卫生院人才队伍建设提出科学建议。 方法 于2019年12月—2020年8月分层抽取陕西193个乡镇卫生院的1 736名工作人员为调查对象。调查内容包括卫生院人才需求状况、人才队伍基本职业信息及其工作满意度。运用单因素(χ2检验)和多因素(二元logistic回归分析)统计方法分析被调研者基本职业信息与工作满意度之间的关系。 结果 1 727份问卷有效，有效回收率为99.48%。卫生院管理者认为卫生院人才严重短缺、结构不合理或队伍不稳定的累计占比为86.01%(166/193)。在卫生院，大专及以下学历占53.04%(916/1 727), 初级及无职称占67.81%(1 171/1 727)。工作满意度平均得分为(1.98±0.45)分。单因素分析结果表明，性别、年龄、学历、从业资格证、专业技术职称、工作岗位、月收入为工作满意度的影响因素(均P＜0.05)。多因素分析结果表明，性别(OR=1.383，95% CI: 1.212~1.465)、学历(OR=1.634，95% CI: 1.566~1.689)、从业资格证(OR=0.884，95% CI: 0.766~0.911)、月收入(OR=1.168，95% CI: 1.088~1.215)为工作满意度的独立影响因素(均P＜0.05)。 结论 陕西乡镇卫生院存在人才队伍学历、职称偏低，资质结构不合理，工作满意度低等问题。建议加大人才引进力度，优化人才引进结构，完善人才留存机制，健全人才培养渠道。 Abstract:Objective To understand the current situation and job satisfaction of a talent team in township health centres in Shaanxi Province, explore existing problems and reasons and propose scientific suggestions for the construction of a talent team in township health centres. Methods From December 2019 to August 2020, 1 736 staff members from 193 township health centres in Shaanxi Province were selected using empirical research. The content of the survey included the demand for talents, basic occupation information and job satisfaction. Single-factor (chi-square test) and multiple-factor (binary logistic regression) statistical methods were used to analyse the relationship between basic career information and job satisfaction. Results In total, 1 727 questionnaires were effective, and the effective recovery rate was 99.48%. Total 86.01% (166/193) of health centre managers reported a serious shortage of talents, unreasonable structure or unstable team. In health centres, 53.04% (916/1 727) had a college degree or below, and 67.81% (1 171/1 727) had junior or no professional title. The average score of job satisfaction was (1.98±0.45) points. Single-factor results showed that gender, age, education background, qualification certificate, professional title, job position and monthly income were the factors influencing job satisfaction (P < 0.05). Results showed that gender (OR=1.383, 95% CI: 1.212-1.465), educational background (OR=1.634, 95% CI: 1.566-1.689), employment qualification certificate (OR=0.884, 95% CI: 0.766-0.911) and monthly income (OR=1.168, 95% CI: 1.088-1.215) were the independent factors influencing job satisfaction (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Problems in Shaanxi township health centre include low education background, professional title and income, unreasonable qualification structure and low job satisfaction. This study suggests the need to increase the strength of talent introduction, optimise the structure of talent introduction, improve the mechanism of talent retention and increase the channels of talent training. -
Key words:
- Township health centre /
- The talent demand /
- Basic job status /
- Job satisfaction
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表 1 乡镇卫生院人才需求状况()
Table 1. Current situation of talent demand in township health centers (n=193)
项目 选项 例(%) 目前乡镇卫生院人才需求状况 人才数量充足，结构基本合理，能满足医疗及健康工作的需要 27(13.99) 人才严重短缺，不能满足医疗及健康工作的需要 78(40.41) 人才结构严重不合理，部分科室严重缺人 48(24.87) 人才队伍严重不稳定，无法保证医疗及健康工作的需要 40(20.73) 增加和稳定乡镇卫生院人才队伍的措施 政府主导合理培养基层医疗卫生人才 153(79.27) 改善乡镇卫生院人才工作环境 140(72.54) 提高乡镇卫生院医疗技术人员待遇 179(92.75) 上级医院长期定点帮扶，轮换医疗技术人员帮助乡镇卫生院培养人才 127(65.80) 
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表 2 工作满意度单因素分析[例(%)]
Table 2. One-factor analysis of job satisfaction [case (%)]
项目 类别 例(%) 对您的工作岗位是否感到满意 χ2值 P值 不满意(745例) 满意(982例) 性别 男性 544(31.50) 255(34.23) 289(29.43) 4.520 0.033 女性 1 183(68.50) 490(65.77) 693(70.57) 年龄(岁) ≤20 2(0.12) 0 2(0.20) 14.731 0.005 ＞20~≤30 674(39.03) 310(41.61) 364(37.07) ＞30~≤40 536(31.04) 245(32.89) 291(29.63) ＞40~≤50 369(21.37) 142(19.06) 227(23.12) ＞50~≤60 146(8.45) 48(6.44) 98(9.98) 最高学历 硕士研究生 2(0.12) 2(0.27) 0 48.550 ＜0.001 本科 809(46.84) 413(55.44) 396(40.33) 大专 703(40.71) 268(35.97) 435(44.30) 中专 192(11.12) 58(7.79) 134(13.65) 无学历 21(1.22) 4(0.54) 17(1.73) 工作年限(年) ≤1 84(4.86) 27(3.62) 57(5.80) 6.697 0.244 ＞1~≤2 184(19.65) 86(11.54) 98(9.98) ＞2~≤3 144(8.34) 61(8.19) 83(8.45) ＞3~≤5 214(12.39) 97(13.02) 117(11.91) ＞5~≤10 339(19.63) 154(20.67) 185(18.84) ＞10 762(44.12) 320(42.95) 442(45.01) 是否有从业资格证 有 1 080(62.54) 489(65.64) 591(60.18) 5.379 0.021 没有 647(37.46) 256(34.36) 391(39.82) 专业技术职称 正高 3(0.17) 0 3(0.31) 9.823 0.044 副高 205(11.87) 88(11.81) 117(11.91) 中级 348(20.15) 153(20.54) 195(19.96) 初级 844(48.87) 384(51.54) 460(46.84) 无职称 327(18.93) 120(16.11) 207(21.08) 职务 科室主任 96(5.56) 40(5.37) 56(5.70) 8.258 0.083 护士长 137(7.93) 62(8.32) 75(7.64) 层行政管理人员 86(4.98) 29(3.89) 57(5.80) 一般医护人员 1 253(72.55) 559(75.03) 694(70.67) 一般行政科员 155(8.98) 55(7.38) 100(10.18) 工作岗位 专业技术岗 1 304(75.51) 585(78.52) 719(73.22) 6.771 0.034 行政管理岗 256(14.82) 94(12.62) 162(16.50) 专业技术兼行政管理岗 167(9.67) 66(8.86) 101(10.29) 月收入(元) ≤1 000 8(0.46) 4(0.54) 4(0.41) 28.481 ＜0.001 ＞1 000~≤2 000 410(23.74) 208(27.92) 202(20.57) ＞2 000~≤3 000 390(22.58) 178(23.89) 212(21.59) ＞3 000~≤4 000 471(27.27) 205(27.52) 266(27.09) ＞4 000~≤5 000 351(20.32) 120(16.11) 231(23.52) ＞5 000~≤7 000 88(5.10) 28(3.76) 60(6.11) >7 000 9(0.52) 2(0.27) 7(0.71) 入职途径 农村订单培养免费医学定向生 39(2.26) 20(2.68) 19(1.93) 5.828 0.212 陕西省县及县以下医疗机构定向招聘 328(18.99) 151(20.27) 177(18.02) 事业单位招考 460(26.64) 208(27.92) 252(25.66) 上级行政单位的调动 181(10.48) 69(9.26) 112(11.41) 乡镇卫生院临聘 719(41.63) 297(39.87) 422(42.97)
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表 3 各变量赋值情况
Table 3. Assignment of variables
变量 赋值方法 工作满意度 0=不满意，1=满意 性别 1=男性，2=女性 年龄 1=≤20岁，2=＞20~≤30岁，3=＞30~≤40岁，4=＞40~≤50岁，5=＞50~≤60岁 最高学历 1=硕士研究生，2=本科，3=大专，4=中专，5=无学历 是否有从业资格证 1=有，2=没有 专业技术职称 1=正高，2=副高，3=中级，4=初级，5=无职称 工作岗位 以专业技术岗为参照设置哑变量；哑变量X1:1=行政管理岗，0=专业技术岗、专业技术兼行政管理岗；哑变量X2:1=专业技术兼行政管理岗，0=专业技术岗、行政管理岗 月收入 1=≤1 000元，2=＞1 000~≤2 000元，3=＞2 000~≤3 000元, 4=＞3 000~≤4 000元, 5=4 000~≤5 000元, 6=＞5 000~≤7 000元，7=>7 000元
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表 4 工作满意度多因素分析
Table 4. Multi-factor analysis of job satisfaction
项目 B SE Wald χ2 P值 OR值 95 CI 性别 0.324 0.124 6.811 0.009 1.383 1.212~1.465 年龄 -0.051 0.066 0.609 0.435 0.951 0.843~1.217 最高学历 0.491 0.086 32.356 ＜0.001 1.634 1.566~1.689 是否有从业资格证 -0.123 0.057 4.756 0.029 0.884 0.766~0.911 专业技术职称 -0.047 0.042 1.249 0.264 0.954 0.732~1.232 工作岗位 行政管理岗 0.095 0.066 2.087 0.149 1.100 0.967~1.251 专业技术兼行政管理岗 0.096 0.050 0.055 0.060 1.101 0.996~1.216 月收入 0.155 0.042 13.414 ＜0.001 1.168 1.088~1.215
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