Clinical characteristics and nursing management of SCLC patients complicated with hyponatremia during radiotherapy and chemotherapy
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摘要:
目的 分析小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)患者放化疗过程中并发低钠血症的临床特点,探索护理管理对策,为临床提供借鉴。 方法 选取浙江省肿瘤医院2017年9月—2019年12月收治的87例SCLC患者为研究对象,回顾性收集患者的一般临床资料和不同治疗阶段的血钠值,分析SCLC患者放化疗过程中并发低钠血症的临床特点,探索护理管理对策。 结果 87例SCLC患者中并发低钠血症35例(40.23%)。初次治疗时、化疗2周期后、放疗开始时及放疗结束、末次治疗后低钠血症的发生率分别为6.90%、5.96%、13.16%、15.19%、23.52%。轻度、中度、重度低钠血症发生率分别为46.99%、11.48%、6.26%,低钠血症的总发生率为64.73%。35例SCLC患者中并发低钠血症的临床表现为食欲减退15例(42.86%),恶心/呕吐9例(25.71%),头晕6例(17.14%),乏力20例(57.14%),精神行为异常2例(5.71%),症状隐匿7例(20.00%)。 结论 SCLC患者放化疗过程中并发低钠血症的发生率较高,且可发生在不同治疗阶段,临床表现为多种形式,在SCLC围放化疗期应注意低钠血症的观察和护理。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hyponatremia in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) during radiotherapy and chemotherapy, explore nursing management strategies, and provide reference for clinical practice. Methods A total of 87 patients with SCLC admitted in our hospital from September 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research object. The general clinical data of patients and the serum sodium values of different treatment stages were collected retrospectively. The clinical characteristics of SCLC complicated with hyponatremia were analyzed. The strategies for nursing management was explored. Results Eighty-seven cases of SCLC patients complicated with hyponatremia in 35 cases (40.23%). The incidence of hyponatremia at the initial treatment, after 2 courses of chemotherapy, at the beginning and end of radiotherapy, and after the last treatment were 6.90%, 5.96%, 13.16%, 15.19% and 23.52%, respectively. The incidences of mild, moderate and severe hyponatremia were 46.99%, 11.48% and 6.26%, respectively, and the total incidence of hyponatremia was 64.73%. The clinical manifestations of 35 SCLC patients with hyponatremia were 15 cases of anorexia (42.86%), 9 cases of nausea/vomiting (25.71%), 6 cases of dizziness (17.14%), 20 cases of fatigue (57.14%), 2 cases of abnormal mental behavior (5.71%), and 7 cases of hidden symptoms (20.00%). Conclusion The incidence of concurrent hyponatremia in SCLC patients during radiotherapy and chemotherapy is high, and can occur in different treatment stages, and the clinical manifestations are in many forms. In the SCLC peri-chemotherapy period, attention should be paid to the observation and care of hyponatremia. -
Key words:
- Small cell lung cancer /
- Radiation and chemotherapy /
- Hyponatremia /
- Clinical characteristics /
- Nursing
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表 1 2组SCLC患者临床资料比较(例)
组别 例数 性别 年龄(岁) 吸烟 疾病分期 高血压或糖尿病 化疗 胸部放疗 脑部放疗 转移灶个数(个) BMI 男性 女性 ≤60 >60 是 否 局限期 广泛期 有 无 是 否 是 否 是 否 1 ≥2 <18.5 18.5~25.0 ≥25.0 低钠血症组 35 29 6 17 18 26 9 17 18 11 24 32 3 34 1 17 18 10 8 5 27 3 正常血钠组 52 44 8 27 25 40 12 25 27 15 37 45 7 49 3 25 27 14 13 3 41 8 统计量 0.048a 0.094a 0.079a 0.002a 0.067a 0.129a 0.013a 0.002a 0.060a -1.489b P值 0.827 0.759 0.778 0.964 0.796 0.720 0.909 0.967 0.807 0.137 注:a为χ2值,b为Z值。 表 2 87例SCLC患者围放化疗期不同治疗阶段不同血钠水平情况
时间 例数 轻度[130~135
mmol/L, 例(%)]中度[125~129
mmol/L, 例(%)]重度[ < 125
mmol/L, 例(%)]总发生率
(%)b初次治疗时 87 3(3.45) 2(2.30) 1(1.15) 6.90 2周期化疗后 67 1(1.49) 2(2.98) 1(1.49) 5.96 放疗开始时 76 9(11.84) 1(1.32) 0(0.00) 13.16 放疗结束时 79 9(11.39) 2(2.53) 1(1.27) 15.19 末次治疗后a 85 16(18.82) 2(2.35) 2(2.35) 23.52 注:a末次治疗后为患者最后一次住院治疗出院前的血钠值。b为同一治疗阶段不同低钠血症发生率之和。表中各阶段例数为当时实际进行检验的患者个数。 -
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