Analysis of risk factors for delayed discharge of patients undergoing day surgery for urinary stones
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摘要:
目的 探讨泌尿系结石日间手术患者延迟出院的危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科2019年1—12月泌尿系结石日间手术的749名患者的电子病历资料,根据患者出院时间将其分为延迟出院组(71例)和正常出院组(678例),对2组患者的一般资料、术后1 h生命体征和常见血液学指标等进行比较,用logistic回归分析研究患者术后延迟出院的危险因素。 结果 泌尿系结石日间手术患者延迟出院的发生率为9.5%。Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=3.209,95% CI:1.621~6.352,P=0.001)、PCNL治疗(OR=2.212,95% CI:1.290~3.793,P=0.004)、体温(OR=4.363,95% CI:1.967~9.682,P < 0.001)、中性粒细胞比率(neutrophil ratio,NEUT;OR=1.973,95% CI:1.156~3.370,P=0.013)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb;OR=2.776,95% CI:1.170~6.582,P=0.020)和血清钾(serum potassium,K+;OR=2.680,95% CI:1.162~6.177,P=0.021)是患者延迟出院的独立危险因素。 结论 高龄、行PCNL、术后1 h体温>38 ℃、NEUT>70%、Hb<90 g/L和低血钾的日间手术患者延迟出院风险增加,医护人员应重点关注并及时应对,以减少日间手术风险,提高其质量和安全性。 Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors delayed discharge of patients undergoing day surgery for urinary stones. Methods The electronic medical records of 749 patients undergoing day surgery for urinary stones in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into delayed discharge group (71 cases) and normal discharge group (678 cases). The general data, 1 hour postoperative vital signs and common hematological indexes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of patients' delayed discharge. Results The incidence of delayed discharge of patients undergoing day surgery for urinary stones was 9.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=3.209, 95% CI: 1.621-6.352, P=0.001), PCNL treatment (OR=2.212, 95% CI: 1.290-3.793, P=0.004), temperature (OR=4.363, 95% CI: 1.967-9.682, P < 0.001), neutrophil ratio (OR=1.973, 95% CI: 1.156-3.370, P=0.013), hemoglobin (OR=2.776, 95% CI: 1.170-6.582, P=0.020) and serum potassium (OR=2.680, 95% CI: 1.162-6.177, P=0.021) were independent risk factor for patients' delayed discharge. Conclusion Patients with advanced age, undergoing PCNL, 1 hour postoperative temperature>38 ℃, neutrophil ratio>70%, hemoglobin < 90 g/L and hypokalemia have an increased risk of delayed discharge. Medical workers should focus on and respond in time to reduce the risk of day surgery and improve their quality and safety. -
Key words:
- Urinary stones /
- Day surgery /
- Delayed discharge /
- Vital signs /
- Hematological indexes
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表 1 延迟出院组和正常出院组的一般资料比较
组别 例数 性别(男/女,例) 年龄>65岁[例(%)] BMI(x±s) 主要结石成分[例(%)] 草酸钙 碳酸磷灰石 其他 延迟出院组 71 46/25 17(23.9) 24.01±3.48 62(83.7) 5(7.0) 4(5.7) 正常出院组 678 461/217 51(7.5) 24.31±3.99 568(83.8) 73(10.8) 37(5.4) 统计量 0.302a 20.996a -0.602b 0.956a P值 0.583 < 0.001 0.549 0.620 组别 例数 多发结石[例(%)] 术前泌尿系感染[例(%)] 行PCNL[例(%)] 合并症[例(%)] 高血压 糖尿病 肾功能不全 心功能不全 延迟出院组 71 27(38.0) 41(57.7) 33(46.5) 15(21.1) 8(11.3) 6(8.5) 4(5.6) 正常出院组 678 183(27.0) 326(48.1) 151(22.3) 95(14.0) 50(7.4) 24(3.5) 9(1.3) 统计量 3.880a 2.402a 20.324a 2.597a 1.363a 2.855a 4.691a P值 0.049 0.121 < 0.001 0.107 0.234 0.091 0.030 注:a为χ2值,b为t值。 表 2 延迟出院组和正常出院组的术后1 h生命体征异常情况比较
[例(%)] 组别 例数 体温 收缩压 舒张压 脉搏 呼吸 延迟出院组 71 13(18.3) 11(15.5) 6(8.5) 4(5.6) 3(4.2) 正常出院组 678 25(3.7) 54(8.0) 35(5.2) 24(3.5) 19(2.8) χ2值 23.341 4.596 0.783 0.309 0.094 P值 < 0.001 0.032 0.376 0.578 0.759 表 3 延迟出院组和正常出院组的血液学指标异常情况比较
[例(%)] 组别 例数 WBC NEUT RBC Hb PLT GLU BUN SCr 延迟出院组 71 22(31.0) 35(49.3) 14(19.7) 10(14.1) 4(5.6) 7(9.9) 7(9.9) 9(12.7) 正常出院组 678 133(19.6) 174(25.7) 78(11.5) 28(5.1) 10(1.5) 51(7.5) 79(11.7) 74(10.9) χ2值 5.062 17.842 4.025 11.238 4.005 0.491 0.203 0.202 P值 0.024 0.000 0.045 0.001 0.045 0.483 0.625 0.653 组别 例数 K+ Na+ Cl- CO2CP Ca2+ PT APTT FIB 延迟出院组 71 10(14.1) 3(4.2) 5(7.0) 11(15.5) 5(7.0) 4(5.6) 6(8.5) 7(9.9) 正常出院组 678 36(5.3) 18(2.7) 20(2.9) 64(9.4) 34(5.0) 17(2.5) 42(6.2) 59(8.7) χ2值 7.130 0.148 2.188 2.614 0.203 1.301 0.234 0.107 P值 0.008 0.700 0.139 0.106 0.625 0.254 0.629 0.743 注:WBC<4×109/L或>10×109/L;NEUT>70%;RBC<4×1012/L;Hb<90 g/L;PLT<100×109/L;GLU<3.9 mmol/L或>6.1 mmol/L;BUN>7.2 μmol/L;SCr>133 mmol/L;K+<3.5 mmol/L;Na+<135 mmol/L或>145 mmol/L;Cl-<96 mmol/L或>111 mmol/L;CO2CP<21 mmol/L或>29 mmol/L;Ca2+<2.03 mmol/L或>2.70 mmol/L;PT>14.5 s;APTT>42.8 s;FIB<2.00 g/L或>4.00 g/L为生命体征异常。 表 4 Logistic回归分析自变量赋值表
变量 赋值 年龄(岁) ≤65=0,>65=1 多发结石、行PCNL、心功能不全 否=0,是=1 体温异常、收缩压异常 否=0,是=1 WBC异常、NEUT异常、RBC异常、Hb异常、PLT异常、K+异常 否=0,是=1 表 5 泌尿系结石日间手术患者延迟出院的logistic回归分析
变量 B SE Wald χ2 P值 OR(95% CI) 年龄 1.166 0.348 11.194 0.001 3.209(1.621~6.352) PCNL治疗 0.794 0.275 8.328 0.004 2.212(1.290~3.793) 体温 1.473 0.407 13.127 < 0.001 4.363(1.967~9.682) NEUT 0.680 0.273 6.200 0.013 1.973(1.156~3.370) Hb 1.021 0.441 5.370 0.020 2.776(1.170~6.582) K+ 0.986 0.426 5.349 0.021 2.680(1.162~6.177) -
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