社区老年人衰弱及其影响因素分析

汪晨晨; 谢晖; 蔡维维

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.001878

社区老年人衰弱及其影响因素分析

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.001878

蚌埠医学院护理学院，安徽蚌埠 233030

基金项目:

安徽省科技重大专项 18030801133

蚌埠医学院研究生科研创新项目 Byycx1942

详细信息

通讯作者:
谢晖，E-mail：hui2122@sina.com

中图分类号: R197.61 R161.7
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- 文章访问数: 253
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- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-16

Analysis on the frailty of the elderly in community and its influencing factors

School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解蚌埠市社区老年人衰弱与体力活动现状，分析衰弱影响因素，为进一步制定衰弱的预防和干预措施提供依据，以期延缓衰弱发生。方法 2019年7—12月，便利抽取安徽省蚌埠市社区405例老年人为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、蒂尔堡衰弱指标(TFI)、老年人体力活动量表(PASE)，由经过统一培训的研究生询问研究对象填写问卷进行资料收集。应用SPSS 25.0统计学软件对数据进行描述性统计、相关性分析、χ²检验、线性回归分析。结果 400例老年人中，衰弱59人(14.8%)，其中生理衰弱(0.76±1.15)分、心理衰弱(1.26±1.03)分、社会衰弱(1.14±0.85)分。衰弱组与非衰弱组在年龄、性别、有无配偶、文化程度、居住方式、患慢病、人均月收入方面比较，差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。PASE量表总分为(91.95±53.12)分。社区老年人衰弱程度与体力活动呈负相关(r=-0.434，P＜0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示，性别、婚姻状况、居住方式、慢性病、体力活动是衰弱的影响因素(均P＜0.05)。结论社区医护人员需重视对衰弱高危人群的筛查和评估，尤其重视女性、独居、丧偶或离异、患慢病和体力活动低的老年人，及时采取相应措施应对衰弱及其不良结局的发生，同时指导患者及其家属正视衰弱、了解疾病相关知识，减少不良健康结局发生，提高老年人生活质量。
- 老年人 /
- 衰弱 /
- 体力活动 /
- 影响因素分析
Abstract: Objective This study aimed to understand the current status of frailty and physical activity of the elderly in Bengbu community, analyse the influencing factors of frailty and provide a basis for further development of frailty prevention and intervention measures to delay the occurrence of frailty. Methods A total of 405 cases of elderly people, who were residing in the community of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, from July to December 2019, were conveniently selected as the survey subjects. The general information questionnaire, Tilburg frailty index (TFI) and physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) were used in this study. The research subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaires for data collection. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to perform descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, chi-square test and linear regression analysis on the data. Results Amongst the 400 elderly cases, 59 (14.8%) were frail: physical frailty (0.76±1.15) points, mental frailty (1.26±1.03) points and social frailty (1.14±0.85) points. Statistically significant differences in age, gender, marital status, level of education, lifestyle, chronic disease and per capita monthly income (all P < 0.05) were found between the frail group and the non-frail group. The total score range of PASE scale was (91.95±53.12) points. The frailty of the elderly in the community was negatively correlated with physical activity (r=-0.434, P < 0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that gender, marital status, lifestyle, chronic diseases and physical activity were the influencing factors of frailty (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Community medical staff must pay attention to the screening and evaluation of debilitating high-risk groups, particularly women, living alone, widowed or divorced, chronic diseases and elderly people with low physical activity, and timely take corresponding measures to deal with the occurrence of frailty and its adverse outcomes. Patients and their families must be instructed to face frailty, understand disease-related knowledge, reduce the occurrence of adverse health outcomes and improve the quality of life of the elderly.
- The elderly /
- Frailty /
- Physical activity /
- Root cause analysis

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表 1 非衰弱组与衰弱组老年人基线资料比较[例(%)]

项目	类别	非衰弱组(341例)	衰弱组(59例)	χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)	60~69	231(67.7)	20(33.9)	35.926	< 0.001
	70~79	91(26.7)	24(40.7)
	≥80	19(5.6)	15(25.4)
性别	男性	160(46.9)	12(20.3)	14.500	< 0.001
	女性	181(53.1)	47(79.7)
配偶	有	321(94.1)	37(62.7)	52.848	< 0.001
	无	20(5.9)	22(37.3)
文化程度	小学及以下	110(32.3)	37(62.7)	21.485	< 0.001
	初中	150(44.0)	13(22.0)
	高中或中专	56(16.4)	6(10.2)
	大专及以上	25(7.3)	3(5.1)
居住方式	与家人同住	322(94.4)	50(84.7)	7.243	0.007
	独居	19(5.6)	9(15.3)
患慢病	是	112(32.8)	6(10.2)	12.435	< 0.001
	否	229(67.2)	53(89.8)
人均月收入(元)	＜2 000	17(5.0)	2(3.4)	10.099	0.039
	2 000~3 000	254(74.5)	41(69.5)
	3 001~4 000	47(13.8)	16(27.1)
	＞4 000	23(6.7)	0(0.0)

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表 2 社区老年人衰弱的多元线性逐步回归分析

变量	B	SE	β	t值	P值	95% CI
性别	0.100	0.032	0.140	3.086	0.002	0.036~0.164
婚姻状况	0.503	0.076	0.435	6.596	< 0.001	0.353~0.653
居住方式	-0.327	0.087	-0.236	-3.743	< 0.001	-0.499~-0.155
慢性病	0.075	0.037	0.097	2.048	0.041	0.003~0.147
体力活动	-0.001	< 0.001	-0.169	-3.374	0.001	-0.002~ < 0.001
注：F=22.693，P＜0.01;R²=0.224，调整后R²=0.214。

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