Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and the condition of the newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension(PPHN). Methods From March 2017 to June 2018, 95 children with PPHN who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in Henan Province were selected as an observation group, which were assigned into mild group(32 cases), moderate group(33 cases) and severe group(30 cases) according to pulmonary artery pressure. In the meanwhile, 95 cases of normal newborns were selected as the control group. The serum levels of BNP, VEGF and TGF-β1 were measured before and after the treatment in the observation group, and their correlation with PPHN was analyzed. Results The levels of serum BNP, VEGF and TGF-β1 in the observation group before the treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of serum BNP, VEGF and TGF-β1 in the observation group decreased significantly(all P<0.05). The levels of serum BNP, VEGF and TGF-β1 in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate group(all P<0.05). Serum BNP and VEGF were highly positively correlated with the severity of PPHN(r=0.908, P=0.013; r=0.835, P=0.001), serum TGF-beta 1 was moderately positively correlated with the severity of PPHN(r=0.697, P=0.002). The sensibility of serum BNP, TGF-β1 and VEGF levels in predicting the prognosis of PPHN were 88.97%, 86.39% and 80.26%, respectively, and the specificities were 91.13%, 86.39% and 82.52%, respectively. The accuracy was 87.62% and 84.36% and 77.58%, respectively. Conclusion The serum levels of BNP, VEGF and TGF-β1 are positively correlated with the severity of PPHN, with high value in evaluating the condition and prognosis of children.