Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical effect of occlusion with autologous blood injected through peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) fistula under thoracoscope in the treatment of intractable pneumothorax. Methods Ninety patients with refractory pneumothorax treated in Ningbo Seventh Hospital between June 2014 and February 2018 were selected as the research subjects with 45 cases in each group. The study group received the autologous blood injection occlusion through PICC fistula under medical thoracoscope, while the control group received the routine thoracoscopic surgery. The operation time, incision length and intraoperative bleeding, volume of thoracic drainage, drainage time, hospitalization time, pain score (VAS) before the operation and on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after the operation, pulmonary function and clinical efficacy of the two groups one month after operation were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, thoracic drainage volume, drainage time and hospitalization time of the study group were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of incision between the study group and the control group (P>0.05); there was no significant difference in the VAS score between the two groups before operation (P>0.05); on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after the operation, the VAS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the FEV1, FVC, MVV and RV of the study group had no significant difference (all P>0.05) one month after operation; and there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between the two groups one month after operation (Z=-0.989, P>0.05). Conclusion The occlusion with autologous blood injected through PICC fistula is effective for intractable pneumothorax, with fewer traumas and less pain after the operation.