Abstract: Objective To study the clinical therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with posterior tooth defects treated with all-ceramic inlays. Methods A total of 56 patients with posterior tooth defects who were treated in the department of stomatology in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2017 were randomly selected as the study subjects. According to the different treatment methods adopted by the patients, they can be divided into the control. The patients in the group and the observation group were treated with conventional repair. The observation group was treated with all-ceramic inlays to repair the root canal. The clinical treatment effect, chewing ability, gums and life of the patients were observed. Quality and patient satisfaction with treatment. Results After treatment, the masticatory ability of the patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the gingival index and bleeding index were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group (96.43%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (39.29%), χ²=20.959, P<0.001. The quality of life score (90.53±9.20) of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (73.42±4.61), t=8.516, P<0.001, and the treatment satisfaction level (92.86%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (50.00%), χ²=12.600, P<0.001. Conclusion From this we can see that there is no significant difference in the chewing ability, gingival condition, gingival index and bleeding index and porcelain fused metal full crown method in patients with posterior tooth defects treated with all-ceramic inlays. However, the all-ceramic inlay repair root canal treatment can improve the clinical effect of patients after treatment, so it should be promoted clinically.