Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and analyze the relationship between junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) and STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods The tissue sample of 40 UC examined by electronic colonoscopy and confirmed by pathologic examination in our hospital between January 2017 and January 2018 [faced the consensus opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2012) ] were collected as experimental groups, and 20 cases of normal intestinal mucosa in the operating room (normal tissue of the intestine resection of the gastrointestinal surgery, all the normal intestinal mucosa were the same source) were collected as the control group. The severity of colitis was assessed by histopathological grade. The expression of JAM-1, STAT3 and pSTAT3 in colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The histopathological examination showed that the intensity of JAM-1 staining in the colonic mucosa of the experimental group was significantly weakened, the number of stained cells decreased, and the distribution was scattered when compared with the control group. There was no significant change in the intensity of STAT3 staining. The staining intensity of pSTAT3 was significantly enhanced, and the number of stained cells increased. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of JAM-1 protein was decreased and the expression of pSTAT3 was increased when compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in STAT3 expression. Conclusion In patients with ulcerative colitis, the expression of JAM-1 can be decreased, but the level of pSTAT3 will be elevated. There is a negative correlation between expression of JAM-1 and pSTAT3 in colonic mucosa tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis.