Medical Integration curriculum and PBL Teaching in UCLA David Geffen Medical School and Its Enlightenments on Clinical Education of Geriatrics
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摘要: 随着医学教育改革的发展,以器官和系统为中心的医学整合课程和以问题导向学习(problem-based learning, PBL)教学方法在临床医学教学中越来越受到重视。PBL是美国临床医学教育改革和发展中的重要产物和里程碑,其核心内容是基于问题的学习,其目标在于培养学生的自学能力、实践思维能力和创新能力等。笔者详细介绍了美国临床医学教育改革和PBL教学方法的发展历程,以及美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California,Los Angeles,UCLA)戴维·格芬医学院临床医学教育的先进经验尤其是PBL教学方法。结合我国老年医学临床教育现状:老年医学长期在临床教学中不被重视、课时少、教学难度大,并且医学院校临床实习无老年病科。从而提出了我国老年医学临床教育的发展方向:加强老年医学临床教育,优化课程设置,进行基础与临床整合、理论与实践结合的医学整合课程;在临床教学中引入PBL,病例可从国外引进或者根据我国的国情、按照既定的教学目标、有目的编撰;提高教师教学意识,给临床医师时间和空间钻研教学方法,提高教师自身素质,充分发挥教师在PBL教学中的引导作用;引导学生自主学习,发挥学生主观能动性,培养学生自主学习能力,发现问题、解决问题的能力以及创新能力;引入人文教育,将医学生人文精神的培养融于专业课程的学习中,培养出适合我国国情的优秀老年病科医师。Abstract: With the development of medical education reform, organ-based and system-centered medical integration courses and problem-based learning (PBL) teaching methods have been paying more and more attention to clinical teaching. PBL is an important product and milestone in the reform and development of clinical medicine education in the United States. Its core content is problem-based learning. Its goal is to cultivate students' self-learning ability, practice thinking ability and innovation ability. The author introduced the development of American clinical medicine education reform and PBL teaching method in detail, and the advanced experience of clinical medicine education of David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, especially PBL teaching method. Geriatric medicine has not been paid much attention in clinical teaching for a long time in China. The author brought the enlightenments to the clinical education of Geriatrics in China:to strengthen the clinical education of Geriatrics, optimize the curriculum and introduce PBL in clinical teaching, increase the guiding role of teachers, introduce humanities education and enhance students self-learning ability, problem-exploring, problem-solving ability and innovation ability. Meanwhile it introduces the humanistic education to the specialized courses in order to cultivate outstanding geriatrician.
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Key words:
- Clinical medicine /
- Geriatrics /
- Teaching /
- Problem-based learning
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