养老期望对四川省老年人生活满意度的影响研究

张小芳; 夏晓红; 王春平; 董爱萍; 孙文学; 唐云锋

doi:10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004434

养老期望对四川省老年人生活满意度的影响研究

doi: 10.16766/j.cnki.issn.1674-4152.004434

1.
山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院, 山东潍坊 261053
2.
川北医学院管理学院, 四川南充 637100
3.
潍坊市人民医院检验科, 山东潍坊 261041

基金项目:

山东省自然基金面上项目 ZR2022MG032

山东省重点研发计划项目 2023RKY07003

详细信息

通讯作者:
唐云锋，E-mail：18866716751@163.com

中图分类号: R161.6 R197.1
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- 文章访问数: 14
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- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-02

A study on the impact of retirement expectations on the life satisfaction of older adults in Sichuan Province

1.
School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨老年人养老期望与生活满意度的关联，为提升老年人生活满意度和促进社会和谐发展提供理论支持和实证依据。方法采用分层抽样法，选择四川省1 856名健康状况良好的老年人作为研究对象，对其进行面对面问卷调查。通过描述性分析比较养老期望与实际的落差大小，logistics回归评估养老期望对老年人生活满意度的影响。结果四川省老年人目前生活感到满意、一般满意、不满意分别占43.43%、42.56%、14.01%，期望经济支持(3.09±0.99)低于实际经济支持(3.45±0.89)，期望家庭养老(60.29%)占比最大且低于实际家庭养老(67.62%)，P < 0.05。影响因素分析结果显示，居住在城市(OR=1.383，95% CI: 1.127~1.697)、高中或中专受教育程度(OR=3.136，95% CI: 1.687~5.824)和养老地点落差(OR=1.504，95% CI: 1.184~1.910)的老年人生活满意度越高，经济期望落差(OR=0.702，95% CI: 0.630~0.781)和看病期望落差(OR=0.773，95% CI: 0.700~0.852)越大、最近2周患病(OR=0.787，95% CI: 0.630~0.983)的老年人的生活满意度越低。结论养老期望落差的缩小与老年人生活满意度的提升密切相关。在此基础上，建议政府制定更贴近养老需求的政策，社区根据老年人实际需求提供多样化的养老服务，子女应切实履行赡养义务，给予老年人充分的物质和精神支持。
- 生活满意度 /
- 期望落差 /
- 老年人 /
- Logistic回归 /
- 影响因素分析
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between life satisfaction and life expectancy of the elderly, and to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for improving life satisfaction of the elderly and promoting social harmony. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 1856 elderly people in Sichuan Province as the research objects, who then completed face-to-face questionnaire surveys. Through descriptive analysis, the gap between pension expectation and reality was compared, and logistic regression evaluated the correlation between pension expectation and life satisfaction of the elderly. Results At present, the elderly in Sichuan province felt satisfied, generally satisfied, and dissatisfied with their lives accounted for 43.43%, 42.56% and 14.01%, respectively. The expected financial support (3.09±0.99) was lower than the actual financial support (3.45±0.89). The proportion of expected family pension (60.29%) was the largest and lower than that of actual family pension (67.62%, P < 0.05). The analysis of influencing factors showed elderly individuals living in urban areas (OR=1.383, 95% CI: 1.127-1.697), with a high school or technical secondary education (OR=3.136, 95% CI: 1.687-5.824), and experiencing a mismatch in preferred versus actual retirement location (OR=1.504, 95% CI: 1.184-1.910) tended to have higher life satisfaction. Conversely, larger gaps between economic expectations and reality (OR=0.702, 95% CI: 0.630-0.781), greater disparities between expected and actual healthcare experiences (OR=0.773, 95% CI: 0.700-0.852), and having suffered from illness in the past two weeks (OR=0.787, 95% CI: 0.630-0.983) were associated with lower life satisfaction among the elderly. Conclusion The narrowing of the expectation gap is closely related to improvements in the elderly's life satisfaction. On this basis, it is suggested that the government should formulate policies that are closer to the needs of the elderly, the community should provide diversified services for the elderly according to the actual needs of the elderly, and the children should earnestly fulfill their maintenance obligations and give the elderly adequate material and spiritual support.
- Life satisfaction /
- Expectation gap /
- The elderly /
- Logistic regression /
- Analysis of influencing factors

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表 1 不同因素对老年人生活满意度的影响[人(%)]

Table 1. Influence of different factors on life satisfaction of the elderly [person (%)]

项目	总样本	生活满意度			χ²值	P值
项目	总样本	不满意(n=260)	一般(n=790)	满意(n=806)	χ²值	P值
性别					1.049	0.592
男性	892(48.06)	129(49.62)	369(46.71)	394(48.88)
女性	964(51.94)	131(50.38)	421(53.29)	412(51.12)
年龄					32.104	< 0.001
60~69岁	731(39.39)	91(35.00)	323(40.89)	317(39.33)
70~79岁	843(45.42)	115(44.23)	369(46.71)	359(44.54)
80~89岁	241(12.98)	37(14.23)	87(11.01)	117(14.52)
90岁以上	41(2.21)	17(6.54)	11(1.39)	13(1.61)
居住地点					47.730	< 0.001
城市	766(41.27)	76(29.23)	288(36.46)	402(49.88)
农村	1 090(58.73)	184(70.77)	502(63.54)	404(50.12)
婚姻状况					1.213	0.545
已婚	1 404(75.65)	192(73.85)	607(76.84)	605(75.06)
未婚	452(24.35)	68(26.15)	183(23.16)	201(24.94)
孩子数
0个	41(2.21)	9(3.46)	18(2.28)	14(1.74)	9.954	0.041
1~2个	1 101(59.32)	133(51.15)	481(60.89)	487(60.42)
3个及以上	714(38.47)	118(45.38)	291(36.84)	305(37.84)
受教育程度					71.432	< 0.001
没受过教育	560(30.17)	100(38.46)	263(33.29)	197(24.44)
小学	783(42.19)	112(43.08)	347(43.92)	324(40.20)
初中	291(15.68)	34(13.08)	114(14.43)	143(17.74)
高中或中专	144(7.76)	4(1.54)	38(4.81)	102(12.66)
大专及以上	78(4.20)	10(3.85)	28(3.54)	40(4.96)
自评健康状况					495.627	< 0.001
非常不健康	96(5.17)	58(22.30)	21(2.66)	17(2.10)
比较不健康	453(24.41)	109(41.90)	228(28.86)	116(14.40)
一般健康	722(38.90)	60(23.10)	408(51.64)	254(31.50)
比较健康	488(26.29)	28(10.80)	112(14.18)	348(43.20)
非常健康	97(5.23)	5(1.90)	21(2.66)	71(8.80)
最近2周是否患病					112.355	< 0.001
患病	581(31.30)	145(55.77)	265(33.54)	171(21.22)
不患病	1 275(68.70)	115(44.23)	525(66.46)	635(78.78)
养老地点落差					34.733	< 0.001
一致	1 453(78.29)	172(66.15)	610(77.22)	671(83.25)
不一致	403(21.71)	88(33.85)	180(22.78)	135(16.75)
养老方式落差					17.722	< 0.001
一致	1 349(72.68)	170(65.38)	556(70.38)	623(77.30)
不一致	507(27.32)	90(34.62)	234(29.62)	183(22.70)

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表 2 老年人养老期望与实际支持的比较

Table 2. Comparison of elderly care expectations and actual support

项目	指标解释	期望(均值/百分比)	实际(均值/百分比)	差值(期望-实际)
经济水平	子女给现金的频率	2.80±1.12	3.14±0.99	-0.34
	子女提供粮食、买菜、买衣服的频率	2.80±1.13	3.16±1.07	-0.36
	在自己急需用钱时，子女可以帮助自己的频率	3.35±1.13	3.71±1.05	-0.36
	在自己生病时，子女可以为自己支付医疗费的频率	3.39±1.17	3.78±1.10	-0.39
	经济总水平	3.09±0.99	3.45±0.89	-0.36±1.09
生活照料	在平时，子女能够抽时间为自己料理家务的频率	3.25±1.14	3.05±1.11	0.20
	在生病/行动不便时，子女能够照顾自己的频率	3.73±1.03	3.59±1.09	0.14
	生活照料总水平	3.49±0.98	3.32±1.00	0.17±1.10
看病	看病方便程度	4.37±0.85	3.56±0.91	0.81
	报销方便的程度	4.38±0.87	3.43±0.91	0.95
	看病总水平	4.37±0.83	3.49±0.85	0.88±1.00
养老方式	家庭养老	1 119(60.29%)	1 255(67.62%)	136(-7.33%)
	机构养老	78(4.20%)	27(1.45%)	51(2.75%)
	居家养老	424(22.84%)	525(28.29%)	101(-5.45%)
	医养结合	205(11.05%)	35(1.89%)	170(9.16%)
	互助养老	30(1.62%)	14(0.75%)	16(0.87%)
养老地点	自己家	1 336(71.98%)	1 424(76.72%)	88(-4.74%)
	子女家	378(20.37%)	369(19.88%)	9(0.49%)
	其他	142(7.65%)	63(3.39%)	79(4.26%)

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表 3 有序logistic回归分析赋值表

Table 3. Ordinal logistic regression analysis assignment

变量	赋值
年龄	60~69岁=1, 70~79岁=2, 80~89岁=3, 90岁以上=4
居住地点	城市=1，农村=2
生育状况	0个=1, 1~2个=2, 3个以上=3
受教育程度	没受教育=1，小学=2，初中=3，高中或大专=4，大专及以上=5
养老地点差值	一致=0，不一致=1
养老方式差值	一致=0，不一致=1
您对自己生存状况的满意度	不满意=1，一般=2，满意=3

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表 4 老年人生活满意度影响因素的有序logistic回归分析

Table 4. Ordinal logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of life satisfaction of the elderly

影响因素	变量	参照组	β	SE	Waldχ²	P值	OR值	95% CI
年龄	60~69岁	90岁以上	1.002	0.344	8.473	0.004	2.724	1.387~5.349
	70~79岁		1.178	0.342	11.865	0.001	3.248	1.662~6.347
	80~89岁		1.466	0.358	16.750	< 0.001	4.332	2.147~8.741
居住地点	城市	农村	0.324	0.104	9.663	0.002	1.383	1.127~1.697
生育情况	0个	3个及以上	-0.130	0.332	0.153	0.696	0.878	0.458~1.684
	1~2个		-0.120	0.107	1.254	0.263	0.887	0.718~1.094
受教育程度	没受过教育	大专及以上	0.345	0.270	1.635	0.201	1.412	0.832~2.394
	小学		0.276	0.262	1.105	0.293	1.318	0.788~2.203
	初中		0.384	0.276	1.944	0.163	1.468	0.856~2.522
	高中或中专		1.143	0.316	13.071	< 0.001	3.136	1.687~5.824
自评健康状况	非常不健康	非常健康	-3.233	0.339	91.155	< 0.001	0.039	0.020~0.077
	比较不健康		-1.848	0.272	45.989	< 0.001	0.158	0.092~0.269
	一般健康		-1.299	0.258	25.423	< 0.001	0.273	0.165~0.452
	比较健康		-0.054	0.264	0.041	0.839	0.947	0.564~1.590
最近两周您是否患病	患病	不患病	-0.240	0.113	4.460	0.035	0.787	0.630~0.983
经济落差			-0.354	0.055	41.684	< 0.001	0.702	0.630~0.781
生活照料落差			-0.057	0.053	1.170	0.279	0.945	0.850~1.048
看病落差			-0.258	0.050	26.465	< 0.001	0.773	0.700~0.852
养老地点落差	一致	不一致	0.408	0.122	11.223	0.001	1.504	1.184~1.910
养老方式落差	一致	不一致	0.118	0.113	1.095	0.295	1.125	0.902~1.404

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